A single application of fertiliser or manure to a cropping field has limited long-term effects on soil microbial communities

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
C. Celestina ◽  
P. W. G. Sale ◽  
J. R. Hunt ◽  
C. Tang ◽  
A. E. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

A large-scale field experiment was used to investigate the long-term effects of a single application of manure or inorganic fertiliser on microbial communities in the topsoil and subsoil of a cropping field in south-west Victoria. Poultry litter (20 t ha–1) and fertiliser (with equivalent total nutrients to the manure) was either surface broadcast or deep ripped into the subsoil before sowing in 2014. Soil samples were collected from the 0–10 and 25–40cm horizons in each treatment immediately after harvest of the third successive crop in January 2017. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S and ITS rRNA genes was used to characterise the bacterial and fungal communities in the soil. Amendment type and method of placement had a limited effect on soil microbial community structure and diversity, three years after treatments were applied. Fungal communities exhibited weak responses to the poultry litter and fertiliser in comparison to a nil control, but none of the treatments had any detectable effect on bacterial communities. Differences in structure and diversity of microbial communities were overwhelmingly due to their vertical distribution in the soil profile, and not the application of different amendments to the soil by deep ripping or surface broadcasting. The strength and timing of the soil disturbance, plant selection effects and farm management history likely contributed to the lack of measurable response in the soil microbial community.

scholarly journals Changes in Bacterial and Fungal Soil Communities in Long-Term Organic Cropping Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Jessica Cuartero ◽  
Onurcan Özbolat ◽  
Virginia Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Marcos Egea-Cortines ◽  
Raúl Zornoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Organic Cultivation

Long-term organic farming aims to reduce synthetic fertilizer and pesticide use in order to sustainably produce and improve soil quality. To do this, there is a need for more information about the soil microbial community, which plays a key role in a sustainable agriculture. In this paper, we assessed the long-term effects of two organic and one conventional cropping systems on the soil microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing analysis, as well as the link between these communities and the changes in the soil properties and crop yield. The results showed that the crop yield was similar among the three cropping systems. The microbial community changed according to cropping system. Organic cultivation with manure compost and compost tea (Org_C) showed a change in the bacterial community associated with an improved soil carbon and nutrient content. A linear discriminant analysis effect size showed different bacteria and fungi as key microorganisms for each of the three different cropping systems, for conventional systems (Conv), different microorganisms such as Nesterenkonia, Galbibacter, Gramella, Limnobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pantoe, and Sporobolomyces were associated with pesticides, while for Org_C and organic cultivation with manure (Org_M), other types of microorganisms were associated with organic amendments with different functions, which, in some cases, reduce soil borne pathogens. However, further investigations such as functional approaches or network analyses are need to better understand the mechanisms behind this behavior.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MIKROBA TANAH DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SISTEM PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

el–Hayah ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prihastuti Prihastuti
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Soils are made up of organic and an organic material. The organic soil component contains all the living creatures in the soil and the dead ones in various stages of decomposition.  Biological activity in soil helps to recycle nutrients, decompose organic matter making nutrient available for plant uptake, stabilize humus, and form soil particles.<br />The extent of the diversity of microbial in soil is seen to be critical to the maintenance of soil health and quality, as a wide range of microbial is involved in important soil functions.  That ecologically managed soils have a greater quantity and diversity of soil microbial. The two main drivers of soil microbial community structure, i.e., plant type and soil type, are thought to exert their function in a complex manner. The fact that in some situations the soil and in others the plant type is the key factor determining soil microbial diversity is related to their complexity of the microbial interactions in soil, including interactions between microbial and soil and microbial and plants. <br />The basic premise of organic soil stewardship is that all plant nutrients are present in the soil by maintaining a biologically active soil environment. The diversity of microbial communities has on ecological function and resilience to disturbances in soil ecosystems. Relationships are often observed between the extent of microbial diversity in soil, soil and plant quality and ecosystem sustainability. Agricultural management can be directed toward maximizing the quality of the soil microbial community in terms of disease suppression, if it is possible to shift soil microbial communities.</p><p>Keywords: structure, microbial, implication, sustainable agriculture<br /><br /></p>

Long-term effects of earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister, 1843) on activity and composition of soil microbial community under laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 103463
Author(s):  
Petr Heděnec ◽  
Tomáš Cajthaml ◽  
Václav Pižl ◽  
Károly Márialigeti ◽  
Erika Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

scholarly journals Historical land use has long-term effects on microbial community assembly processes in forest soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. Osburn ◽  
Frank O. Aylward ◽  
J. E. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly

AbstractLand use change has long-term effects on the structure of soil microbial communities, but the specific community assembly processes underlying these effects have not been identified. To investigate effects of historical land use on microbial community assembly, we sampled soils from several currently forested watersheds representing different historical land management regimes (e.g., undisturbed reference, logged, converted to agriculture). We characterized bacterial and fungal communities using amplicon sequencing and used a null model approach to quantify the relative importance of selection, dispersal, and drift processes on bacterial and fungal community assembly. We found that bacterial communities were structured by both selection and neutral (i.e., dispersal and drift) processes, while fungal communities were structured primarily by neutral processes. For both bacterial and fungal communities, selection was more important in historically disturbed soils compared with adjacent undisturbed sites, while dispersal processes were more important in undisturbed soils. Variation partitioning identified the drivers of selection to be changes in vegetation communities and soil properties (i.e., soil N availability) that occur following forest disturbance. Overall, this study casts new light on the effects of historical land use on soil microbial communities by identifying specific environmental factors that drive changes in community assembly.

scholarly journals Transformation of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Rhizoctonia-Suppressive Potential in Response to Apple Roots

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 920-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Mazzola
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Orchard Soil

Changes in the composition of soil microbial communities and relative disease-suppressive ability of resident microflora in response to apple cultivation were assessed in orchard soils from a site possessing trees established for 1 to 5 years. The fungal community from roots of apple seedlings grown in noncultivated orchard soil was dominated by isolates from genera commonly considered saprophytic. Plant-pathogenic fungi in the genera Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia constituted an increasing proportion of the fungal community isolated from seedling roots with increasing orchard block age. Bacillus megaterium and Burkholderia cepacia dominated the bacterial communities recovered from noncultivated soil and the rhizosphere of apple seedlings grown in orchard soil, respectively. Populations of the two bacteria in their respective habitats declined dramatically with increasing orchard block age. Lesion nematode populations did not differ among soil and root samples from orchard blocks of different ages. Similar changes in microbial communities were observed in response to planting noncultivated orchard soil to five successive cycles of ‘Gala’ apple seedlings. Pasteurization of soil had no effect on apple growth in noncultivated soil but significantly enhanced apple growth in third-year orchard block soil. Seedlings grown in pasteurized soil from the third-year orchard block were equal in size to those grown in noncultivated soil, demonstrating that suppression of plant growth resulted from changes in the composition of the soil microbial community. Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5 (AG 5) had no effect on growth of apple trees in noncultivated soil but significantly reduced the growth of apple trees in soil from third-year orchard soil. Changes in the ability of the resident soil microflora to suppress R. solani AG 5 were associated with reductions in the relative populations of Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas putida in the rhizosphere of apple.

scholarly journals Nitrapyrin has far reaching effects on the soil microbial community structure, composition, diversity and functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Schmidt ◽  
Xiao-Bo Wang ◽  
Paolina Garbeva ◽  
Étienne Yergeau
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Community Structure

AbstractNitrapyrin is one of the most common nitrification inhibitors that are used to retain N in the ammonia form in soil to improve crop yields and quality. Whereas the inhibitory effect of nitrapyrin is supposedly specific to ammonia oxidizers, in view of the keystone role of this group in soils, nitrapyrin could have far-reaching impacts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nitrapyrin leads to large shifts in soil microbial community structure, composition, diversity and functions, beyond its effect on ammonia-oxidizers. To test this hypothesis, we set-up a field experiment where wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. AC Walton) was fertilized with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and supplemented or not with nitrapyrin. Rhizosphere and bulk soils were sampled twice, DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA gene and ITS region were amplified and sequenced to follow shifts in archaeal, bacterial and fungal community structure, composition and diversity. To assess microbial functions, several genes involved in the nitrogen cycle were quantified by real-time qPCR and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were trapped in the rhizosphere at the moment of sampling. As expected, sampling date and plant compartment had overwhelming effects on the microbial communities. However, within these strong effects, we found statistically significant effects of nitrapyrin on the relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae and Basidiomycota, and on several genera. Nitrapyrin also significantly affected bacterial and fungal community structure, and the abundance of all the N-cycle gene tested, but always in interaction with sampling date. In contrast, nitrapyrin had no significant effect on the emission of VOCs, where only sampling date significantly influenced the profiles observed. Our results point out far-reaching effects of nitrapyrin on soil and plant associated microbial communities, well beyond its predicted direct effect on ammonia-oxidizers. In the longer term, these shifts might counteract the positive effect of nitrapyrin on crop nutrition and greenhouse gas emissions.

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