Mechanisms of clay stabilization with inorganic acids and alkalis

Soil Research ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
OG Ingles
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Bonding Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Acids

A series of mono- and di-valent cation hydroxides, and certain strong acids, were allowed to react with a two- and a three-layer clay mineral (kaolin and montmorillonite) under conditions simulating those for normal soil stabilization in field practice, i.e. mixed, remoulded, and moist-cured at a moisture content and density approximating optimum compaction conditions. The progress of reaction was followed over extended periods of time, up to two years. Changes in strength and volume were correlated with chemical and mineralogical changes in order to identify those bonding mechanisms which contribute to inorganic soil stabilization. For an additive level of 10% by weight dry clay basis (9.1% total dry solids basis) it was shown that several distinct stabilization mechanisms exist. One major mechanism is the surface coating of fabric units, and another the reinforcement of the soil by product formation in crevices, angularities, pore constrictions, and similar defects which influence the mechanical properties of the whole sample. The importance of these reactions to practical soil stabilization is thus demonstrated.

scholarly journals The Alternatives to Traditional Materials for Subsoil Stabilization and Embankments

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Vukićević ◽  
Miloš Marjanović ◽  
Veljko Pujević ◽  
Sanja Jocković
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Positive Effects

Major infrastructure projects require significant amount of natural materials, often followed by the soft soil stabilization using hydraulic binders. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study of alternative waste materials (fly ash and slag) that can be used for earthworks. Results of high plasticity clay stabilization using fly ash from Serbian power plants are presented in the first part. In the second part of the paper, engineering properties of ash and ash-slag mixtures are discussed with the emphasis on the application in road subgrade and embankment construction. Physical and mechanical properties were determined via following laboratory tests: Specific gravity, grain size distribution, the moisture–density relationship (Proctor compaction test), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), oedometer and swell tests, direct shear and the California bearing ratio (CBR). The results indicate the positive effects of the clay stabilization using fly ash, in terms of increasing strength and stiffness and reducing expansivity. Fly ashes and ash-slag mixtures have also comparable mechanical properties with sands, which in combination with multiple other benefits (lower energy consumption and CO2 emission, saving of natural materials and smaller waste landfill areas), make them suitable fill materials for embankments, especially considering the necessity for sustainable development.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE ZONE OF ALLOYING UNDER PLASMA-POWDER SURFACING OF COATS TYPE EuTroLoy 16006.04

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
F. I. Panteleenko ◽  
V. V. Zakharenko ◽  
M. V. Spetsian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Structure And Properties

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the surface coating of powder EuTroLoy 16006.04 with the help of plasma-powder overlaying. Analysis of the macro-structure made it possible to establish a partial absence of pores, fusions and cracks between the sub-spoon and the deposited layer. Differences in the phase composition and in the mechanical properties of the coatings were established. In places of application of plasma-powder overlaying an increase in hardness has been revealed. 

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of lung parenchyma during bronchoconstriction

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsushi Okazawa ◽  
Yulia D’Yachkova ◽  
Peter D. Paré
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Volume Ventilation ◽  
Before And After

Interdependence between airways and the lung parenchyma is thought to be a major mechanism preventing excessive airway narrowing during bronchoconstriction. Because the elastance of the lung increases during bronchoconstriction, the lung’s tethering force could also increase, further attenuating bronchoconstriction. We hypothesized that the bulk (κ) and shear moduli (μ) of the lung increase similarly during bronchoconstriction. To test this hypothesis, we excised rabbit lungs and measured the lung volume, pulmonary elastance, κ, and μ at transpulmonary pressures of 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 cmH2O using pressure-volume curves, slow oscillations of the lung, and an indentation test. Bronchoconstriction was induced by nebulizing carbachol by using small tidal-volume ventilation to prevent hyperinflation. The measurement of κ and μ was repeated after carbachol treatment. After carbachol treatment, the increase in κ was significantly greater than that in μ. The estimated value for μ was ∼0.5 × transpulmonary pressureboth before and after carbachol treatment. These data suggest that the tethering effect of the lung parenchyma, which serves to attenuate bronchoconstriction, is not significantly increased during carbachol administration unless there is hyperinflation.

Acicular precipitated calcium carbonate as inorganic whisker for reinforcing of polypropylene fibers

e-Polymers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Vogel ◽  
Regine Boldt ◽  
Marijan Vučak ◽  
Christoph Nover ◽  
Liane Häussler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Concentration Surface

Abstract Acicular precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was used as appropriate inorganic whisker for improving the mechanical properties of melt spun polypropylene fibers. Nucleation effects of the PCC in dependence to concentration, surface coating and pre-shearing were analyzed. Melt-spinning experiments were carried out in order to determine the reinforcing effect.

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