On the nature of soil aggregate coalescence in an irrigated swelling clay

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Grant ◽  
D. A. Angers ◽  
R. S. Murray ◽  
M. H. Chantigny ◽  
U. Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Weekly Cycles ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cracking Clays ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Aggregate coalescence in irrigated cracking clays constrains crop yields, yet little is known about it or how it can be managed. A measure of coalescence is introduced to separate the effects of natural aggregate-bed densification from those of age-hardening; this measure, χ, comprises a ratio of the net change in (tensile or penetrometer) strength, Y, that occurs in relation to the corresponding net change in dry bulk density, ρb, as follows: χ = ΔY/Δρb. A laboratory study was conducted to illustrate the variation in χ for a virgin and cultivated cracking clay exposed to 16 weekly cycles of wetting and draining. Penetrometer resistance and tensile strength at –100 kPa, plus bulk density and other physical and chemical properties, were measured throughout the experiment. The cultivated soil rapidly became denser and stronger, it developed larger aggregates, and its water-uptake rate in the air-dry state was significantly greater than that for the virgin soil. The χ values suggested that age-hardening processes constituted a greater component of coalescence in the cultivated soil than it did in the virgin one, and this was thought to be mediated by the large differences in the content and composition of organic matter in the two soils.

Corrigenda - The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
PP Cavanagh ◽  
AJ Koppi ◽  
AB Mcbratney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Electrolytic Conductivity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
PP Cavanagh ◽  
AJ Koppi ◽  
AB Mcbratney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Electrolytic Conductivity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

scholarly journals SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND COCOYAM YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A TROPICAL ALFISOL

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. ADEKIYA ◽  
S. O. OJENIYI ◽  
T. M. AGBEDE
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Tillage Methods ◽  
And Chemical Properties

SUMMARYExperimental data on tillage requirement of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) are needed to identify the most suitable tillage methods for managing the fragile Alfisols of the humid tropics to ensure sustained productivity. Hence, five tillage methods were compared as to their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and growth and yield of cocoyam on an Alfisol at Owo in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria. The experiment consisted of five tillage methods: manual clearing (MC), manual ridging (MR), manual mounding (MM), ploughing + harrowing (P + H) and ploughing + harrowing twice (P + 2 H) were used for three years at two sites in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the first two years (2007 and 2008), P + H produced the least soil bulk density and highest growth and yield, whereas in the third year (2009), MC produced the lowest soil bulk density and best performance of cocoyam. Manual clearing produced the best values of soil chemical properties in 2008 and 2009. Averaged over the three years, P + H, MR and MM had lower soil bulk density hence better growth and yield compared with P + 2 H and MC. Over the three years MC, MM, MR and P + H increased cocoyam cormel yield by 10, 21, 23 and 32%, respectively, over P + 2 H.The corresponding increases in corm yield were 7, 15, 13 and 21%, respectively. The multiple regressions revealed that bulk density and moisture content significantly influenced the yield of cocoyam. Soil chemical properties were not significant. Bulk density rather than soil chemical properties dictated the performance of cocoyam in an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria. Soil quality was degraded by P + 2H. For small farms, either MR or MM is recommended while P + H is recommended for large-scale farming of cocoyam.

MICROMORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A PODZOLIC SOIL WITH A FRAGIPAN

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
J. A. McKEAGUE
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The soil had a thick, dark brown, highly porous Podzolic B horizon with a high content of amorphous Fe, Al- organic matter complex material and a low bulk density, underlain abruptly by a dense, gray fragipan with a bulk density of nearly 2 g/cm3. Mean pore diameters of subhorizons within the Podzolic B ranged from about 25 to 120 μm and those of the fragipan were about 0.5 μm. The marked contrast in porosity was consistent both with hydraulic conductivity values of about 20 cm/h in the Podzolic B and 0.2 cm/h in the fragipan, and with the micromorphology. Strongly oriented argillans in the fragipan indicated some clay translocation. The clay mineralogy indicated weak weathering of phyllosilicates, but appreciable weathering of primary minerals must have occurred to produce the amorphous Fe and Al- rich amorphous material in the Podzolic B. Seepage along the surface of the fragipan, and the absence of roots in this layer indicated the significance of this horizon with respect to plant growth and to the water regime of the soil.

scholarly journals Pemberian Kirinyuh (Cromolaena odorata L.) sebagai Mulsa Organik pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.) serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Tanah

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Nasrullah ◽  
Syakur Syakur ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Ground Support ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstrak :Gulma kirinyuh sangat berpotensi untuk dijadikan pupuk organik karena kandungan unsur  hara dalam jaringannya yang tinggi. Biomassa kirinyuh memiliki kandungan hara N 2,65%, P 0,53% dan K 1,9% sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber hara yang potensial dalam upaya peningkatan produksi kedelai dan perbaikan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanah yang sesuai dalam menunjang produksi tanaman kedelai akibat dari penambahan bahan organik kirinyuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanah yang sesuai dalam menunjang produksi tanaman kedelai akibat dari penambahan bahan organik kirinyuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 (dua) faktor dengan pola 4 x 3 sehingga diperoleh 12 kombinasi perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis mulsa organik kirinyuh (D), terdiri atas 4 (empat) taraf yaitu: D0 = 0 ton ha-1, D1 = 6 ton ha-1, D2 = 12 ton ha-1, D3 = 18 ton ha-1. Faktor kedua adalah waktu aplikasi mulsa organik kirinyuh (W) terdiri atas 3 (tiga) taraf yaitu saat tanam (W1), 1 minggu setelah tanam (W2), 2 minggu setelah tanam (W3). Peubah fisika dan kimia tanah yang diamati meliputi bulk density, stabilitas agregat tanah, kapasitas tukar kation dan kejenuhan basa.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis mulsa organik kirinyuh berpengaruh sangat nyata  terhadap sifat fisika tanah yaitu bulk density. Dosis mulsa organik kirinyuh 6 - 18 ton ha-1 menurunkan nilai bulk density namun tidak meningkatkan stabilitas agregat tanah. Waktu aplikasi mulsa organik kirinyuh yang awal tidak menunjukkan pengaruhnya terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia tanah yang diamati. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara dosis dan waktu aplikasi mulsa organik kirinyuh terhadap semua peubah yang diamati.   Granting Kirinyuh (Cromolaena odorata L.) As Organic Mulch In Soybean Plants (Glycine max L.) As Well As Its Effects On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of SoilAbstract. Weed kirinyuh potential to be used as organic fertilizer because the content of nutrient elements in its high. Biomass kirinyuh contain nutrient N 2.65%, 0.53% P and K 1.9% so that it can be utilized as a source of potential nutrient in an attempt to increase the production of soybean and improvement of soil fertility. This research aims to know the appropriate ground support the soybean crop production resulting from the addition of organic matter kirinyuh. This research aims to know the appropriate ground support the soybean crop production resulting from the addition of organic matter kirinyuh. This research was performed using Random Design Group (RAK) Factorial of 2 (two) factors with the 4 x 3 pattern so obtained 12 combination treatment. The first factor is a dose of organic mulch kirinyuh (D), consisting of four (4) levels, namely: a D0 = 0 ton ha-1, D1 = 6 ton ha-1, D2 = 12 ton ha-1, D3 = 18 ton ha-1. The second factor is the time of organic mulch application kirinyuh (W) consists of 3 (three) level that is when planting (W1), 2 weeks after planting (W2), 2 weeks after planting (W3). Soil physical and chemical variables were observed include bulk density, soil aggregate stability, cation exchange capacity and saturation of the base. The results showed that a dose of organic mulch kirinyuh very real effect against soil physical properties namely bulk density. A dose of organic mulch kirinyuh 6-18 ton ha-1 lowers the values of bulk density but does not increase the stability of soil aggregates. Organic mulch application time kirinyuh the beginning does not show its effects on the physical and chemical properties of the soil is observed. There is no interaction between the dose and time of application of organic mulch kirinyuh against all variables were observed. 

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA TANAH PADA LAHAN HUTAN GAMBUT BEKAS TERBAKAR: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIRSUMATERA SELATAN, INDONESIA PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BURNT PEAT LAND FOREST: CASE STUDY IN OGAN KOMERING ILIR REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lulu Yuningsih ◽  
Bastoni Bastoni ◽  
Taty Yulianty ◽  
Jun Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Kebakaran di hutan gambut telah mengubah karakteristik lahan tersebut. Ironisnya, saat ini perhatian berupa riset terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia lahan gambut yang mengalami perubahan tersebut masih sangat rendah. Padahal sifat fisik dan kimia gambut merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kemampuan tanah untuk berproses. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk kondisi fisik dan kimia tanah pada lahan gambut pasca kebakaran tahun 2006 dan 2015. Studi ini dilakukan pada tahun 2017 di Kebun Konservasi Plasma Nutfah, Indonesia dan analisis dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah, Universitas Sriwijaya dan Balai Riset Standarisasi Industri Palembang (Baristand). Berdasarkan analisis uji lanjutan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada sifat fisika tanah menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan nyata terhadap perubahan kadar air dan bulk density di lahan pasca terbakar tahun 2015 dan lahan pasca terbakar tahun 2006 yang sudah dilakukan kegiatan rehabilitasi. Pada sifat kimia, pH, C-Organik, Phospor, dan Kalium menunjukkan adanya perubahan nyata terhadap kebakaran di lahan gambut pasca terbakar tahun 2006 dan di lahan gambut pasca terbakar tahun 2015, akan tetapi terhadap N-total adanya perubahan akan tetapi tidak terlalu nyata di kedua lokasi. Masih dibutuhkan informasi lebih komprehensif terhadap unsur fisika dan kimia lainnya serta  sifat biologi tanah sehingga dapat menjadi acuan yang lebih presisi. Fires in peat forests have changed the characteristics of the land. Ironically, current attention includes research on the physical and chemical properties of peatlands that have changed is still scarce. Though the physical and chemical properties of peatlands is an essential factor affecting the ability of the soil to process. So, the purpose of this research is to analyze the physical and chemical properties of soil on peatlands after burning in 2006 and 2015. This study was conducted in 2017 at the Kebun Konservasi Plasma Nutfah (Germplasm Conservation Garden), Indonesia and analysis were carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Sriwijaya University and the Palembang Industrial Standardization Research Center (Baristand). Based on further analysis of Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) on the physical properties of soil shows that there are significant differences in changes of water content and bulk density in post-burnt land in 2015 and post-burnt land in 2006 that have been carried out rehabilitation activities. In the analysis of chemical properties consisting of analysis of pH, C-Organic, Phosphor, and Potassium showed a real change in fires in peatlands after burning in 2006 and peatlands after burning in 2015. However, at the N-total values, changes occurred but not too real in both locations. More comprehensive information is still needed on other physical and chemical elements as well as soil biological characteristics so that they can become more precise references.

scholarly journals Effects of four organic amendments on soil physiochemical properties and yield of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) intercrop in Awka, southeastern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
A.O. Onunwa ◽  
C.J. Nwaiwu ◽  
J.E. Nwankwor ◽  
C.E. Emeh ◽  
C.O. Madueke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Effects of four organic amendments on some soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in Awka, Anambra State in southeastern Nigeria. Over the years, use of synthetic materials in crop production has been a common practice globally. The attendant detrimental effects of the chemicals used in the formulation of these synthetics on animal and human health as well as the environment has made researchers to look out for a better agronomic practice that would not only improve productivity but at the same time sustain a healthy environment. Sole maize, sole cowpea and maize-cowpea intercrop (study area conventional practices) were planted using four soil organic amendments viz: cassava peel (CP), poultry manure (PM), pig waste (PW) and rice husk (RH) at the rate of 20 t ha–1 with the fifth as the control. The treatments were laid out in a 3 × 5 factorial in randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Data on the treatments’ effects on the selected soil physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, soil moisture) and chemical properties (soil pH, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon, exchangeable bases and exchangeable acidity) were subjected to factorial analysis of variance using GenStat 2006 Edition. Results indicated that for sole maize, the amendments had significant effect onexchangeable Al3+and Na+; organic carbon, soil pH, available phosphorus and CEC but had no significant effect on Ca2+, H+, Mg2+ and K+ as compared to the control. For sole cowpea, compared to the plots with no amendment (control), all the chemical parameters analyzed differed significantly except organic carbon. Whereas, for maize-cowpea intercrop the treatments had no significant effect on Al3+, Na+, K+ and available phosphorus but differed significantly in exchangeable H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, organic carbon, soil pH, and CEC. There was a decrease in bulk density following the amendment. For sole maize, sole cowpea and maizecowpea intercrop; bulk density, total porosity and moisture content of the amended plots were significantly (p< 0.05) influenced. Organic amendments also significantly improved the growth and yield of maize and cowpea in both the sole and intercrop systems. Generally, poultry manure resulted in higher plant height,number of leaves and leaf area for maize; vine length, number of branches for cowpea as compared with other amendments. Hence, poultry manure was the most effective organic amendment in improving the soil physical and chemical properties as well as the growth and yield of cowpea and maize. Key words: Growth, maize-cowpea intercrop, soil physical and chemical properties, soil organic amendments

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