Control of Bennett's and Tammar Wallabies in New Zealand Using Compound 1080 Gel on Foliage Baits.

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Warburton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Carbopol Gel ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Trials were carried out against Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) and tammar wallabies (M. eugenii) in areas of indigenous forest where browsing is preventing or damaging regeneration. Compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) in a carbopol gel was spread on the foliage of palatable plants. Numbers of Bennett's wallabies were reduced by 91% and tammar wallabies by 87%. These kill estimates compare favourably with those achieved using aerially sown baits. The costs per hectare of gel poisoning were estimated to be as little as 40% of those for aerial baiting, but the costs of using gel will increase as the control areas become larger, more rugged, and less easily traversed on foot.

A comment on scaling methane emissions from vegetation and grazing ruminants in New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Kelliher ◽  
Harry Clark ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Paul C. D. Newton ◽  
Anthony J. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Keppler et al. (2006, Nature 439, 187–191) showed that plants produce methane (CH4) in aerobic environments, leading Lowe (2006, Nature 439, 148–149) to postulate that in countries such as New Zealand, where grazed pastures have replaced forests, the forests could have produced as much CH4 as the ruminants currently grazing these areas. Estimating CH4 emissions from up to 85 million ruminants in New Zealand is challenging and, for completeness, the capacity of forest and pastoral soils to oxidise CH4 should be included. On average, the CH4 emission rate of grazing ruminants is estimated to be 9.6 ± 2.6 g m–2 year–1 (±standard deviation), six times the corresponding estimate for an indigenous forest canopy (1.6 ± 1.1 g m–2 year–1). The forest’s soil is estimated to oxidise 0.9 ± 0.2 g m–2 year–1 more CH4 than representative soils beneath grazed pasture. Taking into account plant and animal sources and the soil’s oxidative capacity, the net CH4 emission rates of forest and grazed ecosystems are 0.6 ± 1.1 and 9.8 ± 2.6 g m–2 year–1, respectively.

scholarly journals LiDAR-Based Regional Inventory of Tall Trees—Wellington, New Zealand

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zörner ◽  
John Dymond ◽  
James Shepherd ◽  
Susan Wiser ◽  
Ben Jolly
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Crown Delineation ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Indigenous forests cover 23.9% of New Zealand’s land area and provide highly valued ecosystem services, including climate regulation, habitat for native biota, regulation of soil erosion and recreation. Despite their importance, information on the number of tall trees and the tree height distribution across different forest classes is scarce. We present the first region-wide spatial inventory of tall trees (>30 m) based on airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) measurements in New Zealand—covering the Greater Wellington region. This region has 159,000 ha of indigenous forest, primarily on steep mountainous land. We implement a high-performance tree mapping algorithm that uses local maxima in a canopy height model (CHM) as initial tree locations and accurately identifies the tree top positions by combining a raster-based tree crown delineation approach with information from the digital surface and terrain models. Our algorithm includes a check and correction for over-estimated heights of trees on very steep terrain such as on cliff edges. The number of tall trees (>30 m) occurring in indigenous forest in the Wellington Region is estimated to be 286,041 (±1%) and the number of giant trees (>40 m tall) is estimated to be 7340 (±1%). Stereo-analysis of aerial photographs was used to determine the accuracy of the automated tree mapping. The giant trees are mainly in the beech-broadleaved-podocarp and broadleaved-podocarp forests, with density being 0.04 and 0.12 (trees per hectare) respectively. The inventory of tall trees in the Wellington Region established here improves the characterization of indigenous forests for management and provides a useful baseline for long-term monitoring of forest conditions. Our tree top detection scheme provides a simple and fast method to accurately map overstory trees in flat as well as mountainous areas and can be directly applied to improve existing and build new tree inventories in regions where LiDAR data is available.

Phytotoxicity, Poison Retention, Palatability, and Acceptance of Carriers Used in Compound-1080-Foliage Baits for Control of Feral Goats.

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Parkes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Carbopol Gel ◽  
Long Life

Feral goats have been controlled in New Zealand by treating leaves of favoured food plants with the poison sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080) in a suitable carrier, either carbopol gel or petrolatum grease. The effect of these 2 carriers on the most suitable plant species (mahoe), their retention of 1080, their comparative palatability to goats, and the acceptance of the least palatable, petrolatum, were studied in a series of trials. Both carriers caused baited leaves to absciss, and the rate of abscission increased when 1080 was included. Toxic petrolatum was 3 times less phytotoxic than carbopol and retained 1080 for much longer (carbopol lost most of its toxin after 200 mm of rain). Abscissed petrolatum-treated leaves retained much of their toxicity for at least a year. Goats detected and, to some extent, rejected leaves of all treatments, either by not eating them or by spitting them out (particularly petrolatum-treated leaves). However, use of iophenoxic acid as a bait marker indicated that even petrolatum-treated leaves were consumed by 24 of 30 goats tested. Carbopol with 1080 is recommended for use where its distribution is sufficient to place all goats at immediate risk. Petrolatum is not recommended for general use, although it can be used in areas where a long-life bait is needed.

scholarly journals Opportunities for restoring indigenous forest in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Dymond ◽  
A-GE Ausseil ◽  
MUF Kirschbaum ◽  
FE Carswell ◽  
NWH Mason
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Forest

The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2387 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIAS JASCHHOF ◽  
CATRIN JASCHHOF
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Manota spp. are quite common in all kinds of indigenous forest in New Zealand. Five species are present: M. maorica Edwards, M. granvillensis sp. n., M. birgitae sp. n., M. purakaunui sp. n., and M. regineae sp. n. They can be distinguished from one another by male genitalic characters, in particular those of gonostylus. New Zealand Manota form a monophyletic group though their relationship to Manota spp. outside New Zealand is unclear.

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