The taxonomy and phylogeny of the 'Cherax destructor' complex (Decapoda : Parastacidae) examined using mitochondrial 16S sequences

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Austin ◽  
T. T. T. Nguyen ◽  
M. M. Meewan ◽  
D. R. Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Cherax Destructor ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

This study uses nucleotide sequences from the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene to investigate the taxonomy and phylogeny of freshwater crayfish belonging to the 'Cherax destructor' complex. The sequencing of an approximately 440-bp fragment of this gene region from freshwater crayfish sampled from 14 locations identified significant haplotype diversity. Phylogenetic analysis found three distinct clades that correspond to the species C. rotundus, C. setosus and C. destructor. C. rotundus is largely confined to Victoria, and C. setosus is restricted to coastal areas north of Newcastle in New South Wales. C. destructor is widely distributed in eastern Australia and shows significant phylogeographic structure, with three well supported clades. None of these clades, however, correspond to species previously recognised as C. esculus, C. davisi or C. albidus. The failure to genetically distinguish these morphologically defined species is consistent with reproductive information and morphological plasticity relating to habitat similar to that documented for other Cherax species.

Phylogeography of the freshwater catfish Tandanus tandanus (Plotosidae): a model species to understand evolution of the eastern Australian freshwater fish fauna

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Jerry
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Australian Freshwater

The geologically complex eastern Australian coastal margin supports the highest taxonomic diversity of freshwater fishes on the continent. However, mechanisms leading to coastal biogeographic patterns are poorly understood. A 399-bp fragment of the hypervariable mtDNA control region was sequenced from populations of eel-tailed catfish (Tandanus tandanus) to determine their phylogeographic structure and to relate this to proposed biogeographic mechanisms and landform evolution. Genetic structure in Tandanus is complex, with haplotypes clustering into three lineages: a phylogenetically distant, northern Queensland clade that is probably a new species; a mid-northern New South Wales clade corresponding to the recently discovered ‘Bellinger’ Tandanus cryptic species; and a third ‘derived’ clade T. tandanus. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that eastern Australian Tandanus originally invaded freshwaters from the coast where volcanic activity in the north and increasing aridity from the Paleocene reduced inter-fluvial connections, causing genetic divergence of northern Queensland and mid-northern New South Wales populations. The haplotypes represented by Murray–Darling drainage T. tandanus were the most derived, indicating that this species originally evolved on the coast and subsequently colonised the Murray–Darling basin. Tandanus in eastern Australia is phylogenetically structured and possibly comprises three species in this region; a pattern potentially shared by other eastern Australian freshwater fishes.

A reappraisal of the generic concepts of Epacris, Rupicola and Budawangia (Ericaceae, Epacridoideae, Epacrideae) based on phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular data

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Quinn ◽  
Ronald K. Crowden ◽  
Elizabeth A. Brown ◽  
Michael J. Southam ◽  
Andrew H. Thornhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
New South ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The genus Epacris Cav. (Ericaceae, Epacridoideae, Epacrideae) contains 46 species in south-eastern Australia and two species in New Zealand. Two small genera, Rupicola Maiden & Betche (four spp.) and Budawangia I.Telford (monotypic), both having restricted distributions in the mountains of central eastern New South Wales, have been generally regarded as closely related to but distinct from Epacris. We tested the monophyly and relationships of these three genera using parsimony and Bayesian analysis of morphological and plastid atpB–rbcL DNA sequence datasets. Separate and combined analyses all place Budawangia and Rupicola within Epacris with moderate to strong support. We conclude that there are insufficient grounds for maintaining Rupicola and Budawangia as distinct from Epacris. The required nomenclatural changes are made herein.

Breeding Behaviour and Ecology of the Australian Pelican, Pelecanus Conspicillatus, in New South Wales.

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJM Vestjens
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cherax Destructor ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
A Minor

Australian pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus) were studied in colonies at 2 lakes in New South Wales. Adults regurgitated food for the young. Those up to 2 weeks old took liquid food from inside the tip of the adult's upper beak. Older ones took solid food from the adult's gullet, to age of about 3.5 months. After being fed, the young had convulsions lasting about 1 min; that did not happen after a second feeding immediately after the convulsion. Where there were 2 young of different sizes, only the larger convulsed, and sometimes the smaller was prevented from feeding and died of starvation. The survivor continued to have convulsions after feeding, as did single young, when there was no competition for food. Food was mainly fish; the most abundant fish was goldfish (Carassius auratus); a minor item was perch (Perca fluviatilis). Fish were 60 to 247 mm long and weighed 17 to 320 g. Crustaceans were less important and included freshwater crayfish (Cherax destructor) and shrimp (Macrobrachius sp.).

Population structure of the Australian gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus GÜnther) inferred from allozymes, mitochondrial DNA and vertebrae counts

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Gardner ◽  
R. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Allozyme Loci

The gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus) is the main target of southern Australian shark fisheries. Its stock structure was investigated through allozymes (up to 28 loci), mitochondrial DNA (up to 10 restriction enzymes) and vertebrae counts. The average heterozygosity per allozyme locus (0.099) and degree of polymorphism (0.255) was high for sharks. Composite mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity (0.534) and mean nucleotide sequence diversity (0.16%) were also moderately high. Three of the seven polymorphic allozyme loci (CK-A*, LDH-1*, PEP*) and the mtDNA haplotypes showed significant spatial differentiation. Two genetic stocks were identified: one along the southern coast of Australia from Bunbury in Western Australia to Eden in New South Wales and one off northern New South Wales (in the region of Newcastle to Clarence River). There was some evidence for a third stock off Townsville, Queensland. The northern occurrences extend the known geographical range of this species. Vertebrae counts from Eden northwards increased, supporting the conclusion of population heterogeneity off eastern Australia.

scholarly journals Distribution and population genetics of the threatened freshwater crayfish genus Tenuibranchiurus (Decapoda:Parastacidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Dawkins ◽  
James M. Furse ◽  
Clyde H. Wild ◽  
Jane M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
New South ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Evolutionarily Significant Units ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Very High

Very high rates of extinction are recorded in freshwater ecosystems, with coastally distributed species threatened by urban development, pollution and climate change. One example, the world’s second smallest freshwater crayfish (genus Tenuibranchiurus), inhabits coastal swamps in central-eastern Australia. Although only one species is described (Tenuibranchiurus glypticus), it was expected that populations isolated through habitat fragmentation would be highly divergent. The aims of this study were to determine if populations of Tenuibranchiurus are genetically distinct, and if ancient divergence, as indicated in other species in the region, was evident. Tenuibranchiurus were collected at seven sites, extending the known geographical distribution ∼260 km south to Wooli, New South Wales. Analysis of two mitochondrial DNA gene regions indicated two highly divergent clades, with numerous additional subclades. Both clades and subclades were strongly congruent with geographical location, and were estimated to have diverged from each other during the Miocene or Pliocene era. Little sharing of haplotypes between subpopulations was evident, indicating negligible gene flow, and genetic differentiation between subclades possibly indicates distinct species. The coastal distribution of Tenuibranchiurus, severe habitat fragmentation and clear differences between subclades suggest that they should be recognised as evolutionarily significant units, and be treated as such if conservation and management initiatives are warranted.

scholarly journals An expanded phylogenetic analysis of Sannantha (Myrtaceae) and description of a new species

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Wilson ◽  
Margaret M. Heslewood
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Molecular Dataset ◽  
Genus One ◽  
A New Species

Sannantha is a genus of shrubs widely distributed in eastern Australia and New Caledonia. We added five taxa to a previously published molecular dataset, four from Australia and the fifth from New Caledonia, a total of 11 of the 16 species in the genus. One of the Australian taxa added is a new species apparently restricted to the Goonoowigall State Conservation Area near Inverell, New South Wales. The results of the molecular analysis are discussed in light of morphology and geographic distribution. The new species, Sannantha whitei Peter G.Wilson, is described.

Phylogeny of the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor-complex (Decapoda : Parastacidae) inferred from four mitochondrial gene regions

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy T. T. Nguyen ◽  
Christopher M. Austin
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Cherax Destructor ◽  
Australian Freshwater

The phylogenetic relationships among 32 individuals of Australian freshwater crayfish belonging to the Cherax destructor-complex were investigated using a dataset comprising sequences from four mitochondrial gene regions: the large subunit rRNA (16S rRNA), cytochrome oxidase I (COI), adenosine triphosphatase 6 (ATPase 6), and cytochrome oxidase III (COIII). A total of 1602 bp was obtained, and a combined analysis of the data produced a tree with strong support (bootstrap values 94–100%) for three divergent lineages, verifying the phylogenetic hypotheses of relationships within the C. destructor species-complex suggested in previous studies. Overall, sequences from the 16S rRNA gene showed the least variation compared to those generated from protein coding genes, which presented considerably greater levels of divergence. The level of divergence within C. destructor was found to be greater than that observed in other species of freshwater crayfish, but interspecific variation among species examined in the present study was similar to that reported previously.

Evidence of High Sea Level during Isotope Stage 5c in Queensland, Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Pickett ◽  
C. H. Thompson ◽  
R. A. Kelley ◽  
D. Roman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
New South ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
High Dune

Thirty-nine species of scleractinian corals have been recovered from under a high dune on the western (mainland) side of North Stradbroke Island, eastern Australia. The corals are associated with thin intertidal sediments and their good condition implies burial in situ and preservation in a saturated zone. Most likely this occurred as the coast prograded and a large dune advanced into the littoral zone, burying intertidal sediments and coral. The species assemblage indicates a sheltered environment but one open to the ocean without wide fluctuations in salinity. Three species yielded a mean 230Th/234U age of 105,000 yr B.P. which is significantly younger than the nearest Pleistocene corals at Evans Head, New South Wales. The corals provide evidence of a sea stand near present sea level during isotope Stage 5c, which is considerably higher than previously suggested for this period. Their good condition implies that the overlying parabolic dune is of comparable age and formed during that high stand of sea level. Also, the isotope age provides a maximum period for the development of giant podzols in the podzol chronosequences on coastal dunes in southern Queensland.

An Aerial Survey of 3 Game Species of Waterfowl (Family Anatidae) Populations in Eastern Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Braithwaite ◽  
M Maher ◽  
SV Briggs ◽  
BS Parker
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Game Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Black Duck ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Central Eastern

Populations of waterfowl of three game species, the Pacific black duck Anus superciliosa, grey teal A. gibberifrons, and maned duck Chenonetta jubata, were assessed by aerial survey in October 1983 within a survey region of 2 697 000 km2 of eastern Australia. The numbers of each species were assessed on all surface waters of over 1 ha, and on a sample of smaller surface waters within 10 survey bands each 30 km wide and spaced at intervals of 2� latitude from 20�30' to 38�30'S. The area within the survey bands was 324 120 km2, which gave a sampling intensity of 12.0% of the land surface area. The area of features shown as wetlands or water impoundments within the survey bands on 1 : 2 500 000 topographic maps was 19 200 km2 or 11.2% of the total area of these features in the survey region. The area of surface waters surveyed was assessed at 465 300 ha. Assessments of populations of each species were tallied for wetlands by grid cells of 6 min of 1� longitude along the survey bands (258-309 km2 depending on latitude). Distributions were then mapped, with log*10 indices of populations in each cell. Distributions of the black duck and grey teal showed a pattern of intense aggregation in limited numbers of cells, that of the maned duck was more evenly distributed. The major concentrations of the Pacific black duck were recorded in northern New South Wales and the south-eastern, western, central eastern and central coastal regions of Queensland; those of the grey teal were in south-western, western and northern New South Wales and central-eastern Queensland; the maned duck was broadly distributed over inland New South Wales with the exception of the far west, inland southern Queensland, and central northern Victoria.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic placement of a recently discovered population of the threatened alpine she-oak skink Cyclodomorphus praealtus (Squamata: Scincidae) in Victoria

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Joanna Sumner ◽  
Margaret L. Haines ◽  
Peter Lawrence ◽  
Jenny Lawrence ◽  
Nick Clemann
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Evolutionarily Significant Units ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
The Last Glacial

The alpine she-oak skink Cyclodomorphus praealtus is a threatened alpine endemic lizard from the mainland of Australia. The species is previously known from disjunct populations in Kosciuszko National Park in New South Wales and three isolated localities in the Victorian Alps. The New South Wales and Victorian populations represent separate evolutionarily significant units. In 2011, a fourth Victorian population was discovered. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis and determined that the newly discovered population is discrete and may have been separated from other populations since the end of the last glacial maxima. This population requires separate management.

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