Age and seasonal changes in the semiochemicals of the sternal gland secretions of male koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Tobey ◽  
T. R. Nute ◽  
F. B. Bercovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Olfactory Communication ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Scent Gland ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Sternal Glands ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
One Year

Male koalas communicate with conspecifics using scent markings from their sternal scent gland. We examined age and seasonal changes in the profile of organic compounds produced by koala sternal glands. Scent exudates from 12 male koalas were collected over a one-year period and analysed by direct-injection gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of the methanol extract. Carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols were found to dominate the scent mixture. Thirty-seven compounds were identified by comparison of their spectra with those in the Wiley 138K library. The identity, complexity and relative concentrations of these compounds were found to vary both seasonally and by age of the individuals, with the most odorous and complex mixtures occurring during the mating season. We suggest that seasonal and age differences in the complexity of the chemical composition of the koala scent gland exudate provides evidence that olfactory communication probably has important ramifications for male reproductive success in the wild.

Koalas continue to occupy their previous home-ranges after selective logging in Callitris - Eucalyptus forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney P. Kavanagh ◽  
Matthew A. Stanton ◽  
Traecey E. Brassil
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Callitris Glaucophylla ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cypress Pine

The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is a charismatic, high-profile species whose conservation needs are commonly perceived to be incompatible with logging. However, koala biology and the results of chronosequence studies elsewhere suggest that this species may tolerate a degree of habitat alteration caused by logging. In this study, 30 koalas, five in each of six areas available for logging within a mixed white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla)–Eucalyptus forest in north-western New South Wales, were radio-tracked for one year during 1997–1998 to determine their movements, home-range sizes and tree preferences. Five months after the study began, three of these areas were logged selectively for sawlogs and thinnings of the white cypress pine, a tree that is important to koalas for daytime shelter. This removed about one-quarter of the stand basal area, but the eucalypt component was unaffected. The remaining three areas were left undisturbed as controls. Radio-tracking continued in all six areas for another seven months. Koalas continued to occupy all or part of their previous home-ranges after selective logging, and home-range sizes remained similar between logged and unlogged areas. Home-ranges for both sexes overlapped and were ~12 ha for males and 9 ha for females. Koala survival and the proportions of breeding females were similar in logged and unlogged areas. The principal food trees of the koala were red gums, mainly Eucalyptus blakelyi and E. chloroclada, and the pilliga box (E. pilligaensis), none of which were logged in this study. These results suggest that selective logging for white cypress pine does not appear to adversely affect koala populations and that koalas may not be as sensitive to logging as previously thought. Further work is required to determine thresholds in the level of retention of koala food trees in logging operations.

Replicating an In-The-Wild Study One Year Later

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Claes ◽  
Andrew Vande Moere
Keyword(s):  
In The Wild ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Spermatogenesis and Immunolocalization of Inhibin/Activin Subunits in the Wild Male Ground Squirrel (Citellus dauricus Brandt)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia SHENG ◽  
Haolin ZHANG ◽  
Wei ZHANG ◽  
Moshi SONG ◽  
Mengyuan ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Wild Male ◽  
In The Wild

Reproduction, Growth and Mortality of Venus Striatula (Da Costa) in Kames Bay, Millport

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Ansell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
One Year

Seasonal changes in the gonads of both sexes of Venus striatula were followed by macroscopic and microscopic examination, in over 700 animals from a population consisting mainly of one year-group. The sex ratio was approximately equal, and no hermaphrodite adults were found.

The Scent Glands and Their Chemicals in the Aposematic Cotton Harlequin Bug, Tectocoris-Diophthalmus (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
BW Staddon ◽  
MJ Thorne ◽  
DW Knight
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scent Glands ◽  
Scent Gland ◽  
Metathoracic Scent Gland ◽  
Developmental Fate ◽  
Dorsal Gland ◽  
Gland System

In describing differences in morphology, developmental fate and secretion composition in the scent glands of the cotton harlequin bug Tectocoris diophthalmus we have sought to extend comparative knowledge of the scent gland system in the pentatomoid families within the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Chemical investigation of the secretions was undertaken by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The following volatiles were detected: 2-hexenal, 2-hexenyl acetate and 2- octenyl acetate from the metathoracic scent gland (an adult gland); nonanal from the abdominal dorsal first gland (the divided dorsal gland) in the adults; 2-hexenal, 2-octenal, 4-oxohex-2-enal, dodecane and tridecane from the abdominal dorsal second and third glands (the undivided dorsal glands) in fifth-instar nymphs. Secretory units are sparse, opener muscles absent, and secretion scarcely, if at all, present in the second and third dorsal abdominal scent glands in the adults. T. diophthalmus is an addition to the small but growing list of pentatomoids in which biochemical divergence of the abdominal dorsal first gland from the abdominal dorsal second and third glands has been reported. The metathoracic scent gland in T. diophthalmus is comparatively small, as it is in many other aposematic species within the Hemiptera-Heteroptera.

Health, growth and development of pre-school children in Newcastle upon Tyne

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-424
Author(s):  
H. Mary Fellowes ◽  
Catherine A. Hytten ◽  
W.Z. Billewicz ◽  
A.M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

SummaryOne hunderd and forty 'normal' children aged 0—5 years, selected from three large general medical practices to represent a wide socioeconomic range, were seen monthly for periods of at least one year. Average growth patterns, previously shown to be related to the energy value of diets, conformed to British standards. Height and weight were not significantly related to socioeconomic status, maternal 'efficiency', number of sibs nor place in family. About half the children aged 0.5 years or less changed growht 'channels', falling to 0.4% in children aged 2 years or more. Respiratory illnesses showed seasonal changes, but growth rates did not, and there was no evidence that illness of any kind or severity had more than a transient effect on growth rates. Developmental test scores were not found to be related to growth rates. Girls tended to have higher scores than boys. Children from non-manual families and those with sїbs at least 5 years older scored more highly in tests of language than those in other types of family.

Remote monitoring of the behaviour and activity of captive southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons)

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Hogan ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips ◽  
Allan Lisle ◽  
Alan B. Horsup ◽  
Tina Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Radio Transmitter ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
One Year

The nocturnal nature of wombats makes it difficult to learn about their behavioural ecology and activity rhythms in the wild. A facility was established at Rockhampton Zoo to house 12 adult southern hairy-nosed wombats in order to monitor their behaviour by means of video surveillance and provide detailed information on their activity patterns using movement-sensitive radio-transmitters. After one year of monitoring it was established that the wombats spent, on average, as a proportion of total time 69.9% sleeping, 8.8% lying resting, 5.2% feeding, 5.2% exploring, 4.3% performing stereotyped behaviour, 2.5% sitting resting and 4.1% in other activities. Feeding, lying resting and sleeping varied with season by ~5%. Temporal patterns were bimodal for 8 of the 12 behaviours described, with most ‘active’ behaviours being expressed between 1800 and 2000 hours and 0200 and 0500 hours. The activity pattern was characterised by a strong circadian rhythm, with most activity occurring nocturnally. Within active periods there was an alternating rhythm of active and rest periods and activity peaks at the beginning and end of each night. Comprehensive and reliable information on the behavioural ecology, as well as captive management, of southern hairy-nosed wombats was obtained from the remote video and radio-transmitter recordings.

Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Determination of α-Methylstyrene in Styrene-Based Polymers and Food Simulants

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-818
Author(s):  
Shigeru Tan ◽  
Takashi Tatsuno ◽  
Taro Okada
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Food Simulants ◽  
Multiple Ion Monitoring ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Abstract A selected ion monitoring method is described for the analysis of styrene (St)-based polymers for a-methylstyrene (α- MSt) and for determining the level of α-MSt migration from St-based sheets Into 4 food simulants. The polymers are dissolved in dlchloromethane; α-MSt Is determined by direct Injection of the polymer solutions. α-MSt migration from St-based sheet to water, 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol, and n-heptane was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using multiple ion monitoring of Ions at mix 118,78, and 91. α-MSt can be quantltated at levels as low as 10 μ/g in the polymer and 0.01 μ/g In the food simulants. Recoveries were 83-113% from St-based sheets and 90-99% from food simulants, respectively.

Seasonal changes and endocrine regulation of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) spermatogenesis in the wild

2015 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Elisio ◽  
Tomás Chalde ◽  
Leandro A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Odontesthes Bonariensis ◽  
In The Wild

Pesticide residue analysis of fruit juices by LC–MS/MS direct injection. One year pilot survey

Talanta ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Ferrer ◽  
M.J. Martínez-Bueno ◽  
Ana Lozano ◽  
A.R. Fernández-Alba
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Pesticide Residue Analysis ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
One Year
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