Loss of tooth-supporting bone in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) with age

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth F. Lee ◽  
Srinivas Varanasi ◽  
Lyndall M. Pettett ◽  
Philip S. Bird ◽  
Anne L. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Severe Bone Loss ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Bone Height

This study investigated changes in alveolar bone height in free-ranging koalas of different age groups. Twenty-seven free-ranging Queensland koalas (15 female, 12 male), admitted to the Moggill Koala Hospital, Brisbane, were used in this study. Koalas were divided into three groups (young, adult, old) on the basis of tooth wear, each group containing nine animals. Defleshed jaws were examined for the presence of alveolar bone defects. The distance from the cemento-enamel junction and the interproximal crestal alveolar bone height was measured on the buccal aspects of the second and third molars. Jaws were photographed and radiographed. Bone defects (dehiscences and fenestrations) were observed in both jaws and were predominantly located on the buccal aspect of the alveolar process. The loss of height of crestal alveolar bone, relative to the cemento-enamel junction, increased with age, with 25 koalas showing moderate to severe bone loss and only two koalas having none/mild loss levels at all measurement sites. Female koalas had higher frequency of ‘none/mild’ cases of bone loss than did males. There was no variation in levels of alveolar bone loss between the upper and lower jaws or the corresponding right and left arches.

scholarly journals Periodontal disease defects and mandibular cortical index in lupus patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512
Author(s):  
Vagner Braga ◽  
Lucas Morita ◽  
Luciana Munhoz ◽  
Silvia Lourenço ◽  
Emiko Arita
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Cortical Index ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Mandibular Cortical Index

Objective:Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs. It is well known that lupus patients have higher risk of osteoporosis, but if the disease affects mandibular cortical bone and alveolar bone is not fully established. The objective of this study was to evaluate periodontal disease defects and mandibular osteoporotic alterations in patients with lupus as compared to healthy patients using panoramic radiographs.Material and Methods:The panoramic radiographs of 72 patients with lupus and 360 healthy patients were evaluated for the presence of bone loss secondary to periodontal disease, classified as horizontal and vertical bone loss. We also assessed mandibular osteoporotic alterations by using the mandibular cortical index. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk of mandibular osteoporotic alterations as well as horizontal and vertical bone loss in patients with lupus as compared to healthy patients.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the presence of horizontal bone defects and mandibular cortical indexes. However, patients with lupus demonstrated that patients with lupus were 2.17 more likely to present vertical bone loss than healthy patients.Conclusions:Patients with lupus might have higher risk of vertical bone loss than healthy patients due to pathophysiology of their disease. Further larger prospective studies should be performed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Two-stage revision arthroplasty in the treatment of periprosthetic hip infections with severe bone loss: Results from 182 cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Białecki ◽  
Maciej Kogut ◽  
Sławomir Chaberek ◽  
Paweł Bartosz ◽  
Marcin Obrębski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Severe Bone Loss ◽  
Paprosky Classification

The optimum treatment for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip with substantial bone defects remains controversial. A retrospective assessment was performed for 182 patients treated for PJI with a two-stage protocol from 2005 to 2015. Implant removal and debridement were followed by Girdlestone arthroplasty or spacer implantation. The results of the Girdlestone and spacer groups were compared. There were 71 cases that received spacers, and 111 Girdlestone procedures were performed. After the first stage, 26.37% of cultures were negative, and among patients with a detected pathogen, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism (41.79%). Acetabular and femoral bone defects, according to the Paprosky classification, were more severe in the Girdlestone group (P<0.05). During the follow-up (mean, 5.95 years), the overall incidence of complications was 21.42%. The mean Harris hip score was significantly lower in the Girdlestone group (68.39 vs 77.79; P<0.0001). The infection recurrence rate reached 8.79%. Despite satisfactory infection control, the number of complications and poor functional outcomes associated with resection arthroplasty indicate the necessity for development of different approaches for patients with advanced bone loss.

Coated vs Uncoated Implants: Bone Defect Configurations After Progressive Peri-implantitis in Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Madi ◽  
Osama Zakaria ◽  
Shohei Kasugai
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

In this study, hydroxyapatite coated vs uncoated implants were used to evaluate the type and dimensions of bone defects after progressive peri-implantitis in dogs. Thirty-two dental implants with 4 different surfaces—machined (M), sandblasted acid-etched (SA), 1-μm thin sputter hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated (S), and plasma-sprayed HA-coated (P)—were inserted into the mandibles of 4 beagle dogs after extracting all mandibular premolars. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced after 3 months using ligature to allow for plaque accumulation. After 4 months, ligatures were removed and plaque accumulation continued for 5 months (progression period). The open flap surgery demonstrated 3 patterns of peri-implantitis bone defect: (1) Class I defect: represented as circumferential intra-alveolar bone loss; (2) Class II defect: circumferential intra-alveolar defect with supra-alveolar bone loss exposing the implant surface; and (3) Class III defect: represented as circumferential intra-alveolar defect with supra-alveolar bone loss and buccal dehiscence. Class I was the most frequent (62.5%) defect pattern around implant types M, SA, and S; while implant type-P showed a recurring majority of Class II (62.5%). Comparison among the 4 implant groups revealed a significant defect width (DW) in implant type-P relative to other types (P &lt; 0.01). However, no statistically significant differences were noted for defect depth (DD) (P &gt; 0.05). We concluded that the shape and size of peri-implantitis bone defects were influenced by the type and thickness of the HA coat together with the quantity of the available peri-implant bone. Plasma-sprayed HA-coated implants showed larger peri-implant defects than did thin sputter HA-coated implants.

Continuous Periosteal Strapping Sutures for Stabilization of Osseous Grafts With Resorbable Membranes for Buccal Ridge Augmentation: A Technique Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamir H Shalev ◽  
Gregori M Kurtzman ◽  
Alon H Shalev ◽  
Deborah K Johnson ◽  
Mark Elias M Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Socket Preservation ◽  
Ridge Structure ◽  
Ridge Augmentation ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Bone Height

Alveolar bone loss occurs after extraction with loss of a premolar or anterior tooth; the residual supporting alveolar bone loss averages 1.53 mm of crestal bone height and 3.87 mm of buccolingual width, with most of the bone loss occurring at the facial plate. Socket preservation does not completely preserve the original ridge contours but can be an effective means of reducing bone loss following extraction. Attempts to rebuild the alveolar ridge structure after tooth loss often employ the concept of guided bone regeneration, a technique-sensitive procedure that routinely involves placement of particulate bone with or without fixation screws and either a resorbable or a nonresorbable membrane. We present a novel technique for stabilizing a resorbable membrane and underlying particulate graft allowing for predictable bone grafting across multiple edentulous sites.

The association of tooth wear with sociality of free-ranging male koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss)

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Logan ◽  
Gordon D. Sanson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Free Ranging

The sociality (as measured by the degree of bellowing and amount of tree use) of five adult male koalas and one sub-adult male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), with varying degrees of tooth wear, were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio-telemetry. Initial increases in tooth wear that coincide with an increase in age to maturity were associated with an increase in reproductive effort. Advanced tooth wear was found to be associated with a decrease in reproductive effort. This trend in reproductive effort is consistent with life-history predictions, and suggests that tooth wear has the potential to impose limitations on the reproductive longevity and fecundity of free-ranging male koalas.

The effects of lactation on the feeding behaviour and activity patterns of free-ranging female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss)

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Logan ◽  
G. D. Sanson
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Free Ranging

The free-ranging feeding behaviour and activity patterns of three lactating and two non-lactating female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio-telemetry. Lactating females were found to consume more leaf material, masticate more per leaf and at a greater rate, and perform more ingestive and mercyism mastications per 24 h than non-lactating females. Results suggest than female koalas are 'income breeders' that compensate for the higher energetic demands of lactation by increasing intake and, to a lesser degree, investing more in each mouthful so as to produce a shift in digesta particle size distribution in favour of more finer particles. Compared with non-lactating females, lactating female koalas were also found to spend more time moving within trees, feeding per 24 h and per bout, and less time resting and sleeping per 24 h, although the proportion of active time spent feeding was similar (~80%). This implies that female koalas adopt a 'time minimizing strategy whereby activity budgets respond to current requirements. Lactation-compensation mechanisms are compared with those reported for koalas with high tooth wear, and the capacity of aging female koalas to compensate for lactation are discussed.

scholarly journals Severity of Alveolar Bone Loss in Control and Uncontrolled Type II Diabetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1459-1462
Author(s):  
A. Farooq ◽  
M. Riasat ◽  
H. K. N. Baloch ◽  
S. G. S. Shah ◽  
S. Shehzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Severe Bone Loss ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Objective: To assess the association between the controlled and uncontrolled type-2 diabetic patients to the severity of Alveolar bone loss Study Designed: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Sardar Begum Dental College and Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar KPK from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: One hundred and seventy patients were included. Daniel formula (1999) was used for the patient to check the alveolar bone loss and questionnaire was filled by the researcher and examination was done on the dental unit using examination instruments. Results: The mean age was 39.41±6.92. The oral hygiene status in patients visiting the radiology department using toothpaste twice a day was 50.58% while bone loss among patient using toothpaste and brushing their teeth twice a day was 21.51%. The patient with a controlled glucose level was 41.28% while a patient with an uncontrolled glucose level was 58.72%. The bone loss in a patient with controlled HbA1c the bone loss in normal to moderate 38.38%while severe bone loss was 2.90% which is less as compared to the controlled group. The bone loss was reported higher in males (51.16%)as in females were 48.84%, but there was a severe bone loss in females 31,40% as compared to males 17.44%. Conclusion: There is a strong association between alveolar bone loss with the increased level of HbA1c. When the levels of HbA1c level increased the bone loss in both male and female was reported high. Type 2 diabetic patients having increased HbA1c levels cause severe bone loss. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Out-patient department, Hemoglobin A1c

scholarly journals Comparison Between Two Different Design Concepts of 4- Implant Assisted Mandibular Complete Overdenture:- periimplant bone height changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 452-462
Author(s):  
Ekhlas Al-Shargaby ◽  
Radwa EMERA ◽  
Fatma Alwaseef ◽  
Mohammed Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Short Implants ◽  
Group A ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Group B ◽  
Bone Height ◽  
Short Implant

Abstract: Purpose: This study was accomplished to evaluate the bone height changes radiographically and the reliability of use either two posterior short or inclined implants with two conventional anterior implants retaining mandibular overdenture.   Materials and methods: Ten male mandibular completely edentulous patients were divided in two equal groups after delivered complete dentures. For the first group (short implant design- group A) two vertical implants were inserted in the canine areas and two short vertical implants were inserted in the 1st molar area. For the second group (inclined implant design- group B) two vertical implants were inserted in the canine areas and two 30o distally inclined implants were inserted in the second premolar area. Digital standardized periapical radiographic assessment for horizontal and vertical alveolar bone height changes was carried out at T0 (immediately), T6 (6 months), T12 (12 months) and after mandibular complete overdenture insertion. Result: 1. VBL decrease significantly with advance of time in both groups during the time intervals. The highest VBL around the implants was noted in the 1st six months followed by the 2nd six months, the highest amount of total VBL observed with the interval T0-T12, followed by the interval (T0-T6) and the inclined implant group showed significant higher total VBL than short implant group at the intervals T0-T6 and T0-12. 2- HBL decreased significantly with advance of time in both groups. For short and inclined implant group, the highest amount of total HBL observed with the interval T0-T12, followed by the interval (T0-T6). Short implant group showed significant higher total HBL than inclined group at the interval T0-T6 and T0-T12.   Conclusion:  Within the limitations of this clinical radiographic study it can be concluded that (1) The 30o distally inclined implants inserted in the posterior areas for assisting mandibular complete overdenture induce vertical bone loss more than the axially inserted implants (short or conventional implants). (2) The short implants inserted in the posterior areas for assisting mandibular complete overdenture induce horizontal bone loss more than the axially inserted implants. Keywords: Short implants, O-ring ball attachment, VBL, HBL.  

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