Accelerometer-Derived Patterns of Physical Activity and Incident Frailty

Low physical activity (PA) is a common phenotype of frailty, but whether disengagement of daily lifestyle PA signals impending frailty remains unexplored. Using STURDY (Study to Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You) data from 499 robust/prefrail adults (mean age=76 + 5 years; 42% women), we examined whether accelerometer patterns (activity counts/day, active minutes/day, and activity fragmentation) were prospectively associated with incident frailty over 2 years of follow-up; 48 (10%) participants developed frailty. In Discrete-Cox hazard models adjusted for demographics, medical conditions, and device wear days, every 30 min/day higher baseline active time, 100,000 more activity counts/day, and 1% lower activity fragmentation was associated with a 13% (p=0.003), 10% (p=0.001), and 8% (p<0.001) lower risk of frailty, respectively. Our results show that both reduced amounts and fragmented patterns of daily PA captured from accelerometry are associated with phenotypic frailty and might signal frailty onset.

Optimasi Radius Server untuk Pengaturan Alokasi Bandwidth pada Jaringan Hotspot

Hotspot is one form of utilizing Wireless LAN technology that can be used to access internet services and is usually found in public areas such as libraries, campus internet parks, or offices. Aspects that need to be considered in hotspots to make users feel comfortable is security then at the provider side, the aspect that needs to be considered is the regulation of bandwidth allocation to optimize the data transfer speeds that the network and to prevent the possibility of dense network traffic. RADIUS server is one type of server that can be used at hotspots to secure hotspots because it supports various types of encryption. In this study, optimization of the settings for hotspot network bandwidth is optimized by integrating the RADIUS server with RouterOS. Bandwidth allocation management is done by determining the active time of a user account and set quotas hotspot uploads and downloads for the account. The results obtained from this study indicate that when a hotspot user account has passed the active time or has passed the upload quota and the download given, the account will be deleted from the list of hotspot user accounts or disabled.

Animal lifestyle affects acceptable mass limits for attached tags

Animal-attached devices have transformed our understanding of vertebrate ecology. To minimize any associated harm, researchers have long advocated that tag masses should not exceed 3% of carrier body mass. However, this ignores tag forces resulting from animal movement. Using data from collar-attached accelerometers on 10 diverse free-ranging terrestrial species from koalas to cheetahs, we detail a tag-based acceleration method to clarify acceptable tag mass limits. We quantify animal athleticism in terms of fractions of animal movement time devoted to different collar-recorded accelerations and convert those accelerations to forces (acceleration × tag mass) to allow derivation of any defined force limits for specified fractions of any animal's active time. Specifying that tags should exert forces that are less than 3% of the gravitational force exerted on the animal's body for 95% of the time led to corrected tag masses that should constitute between 1.6% and 2.98% of carrier mass, depending on athleticism. Strikingly, in four carnivore species encompassing two orders of magnitude in mass ( ca 2–200 kg), forces exerted by ‘3%' tags were equivalent to 4–19% of carrier body mass during moving, with a maximum of 54% in a hunting cheetah. This fundamentally changes how acceptable tag mass limits should be determined by ethics bodies, irrespective of the force and time limits specified.

Behavioural responses of juvenile Daphnia magna to two organophosphorus insecticides

In this study, the behaviour of Daphnia magna was studied under equipotent and sub-lethal concentrations of two pesticides congeners: chlorpyrifos (CPF; 5 ng L-1 to 50 ng L-1) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPF-m; 30 ng L-1 to 300 ng L-1) with aims to assess and compare the behavioural swimming responses (BSRs) of the cladocerans elicited by both compounds at different concentrations and exposure times. A video tracking analysis after 24 h and 48 h of exposure allowed us to evaluate different behavioural responses (distance moved, average velocity, active time, and average acceleration). The results indicate that BSRs are sensitive indicators of sub-lethal stress. Highly concentration- and time-response changes for both compounds were observed during the experiments. In particular, in the first 24 h of exposure, both compounds elicited a similar decreasing trend in swimming behaviour, in which CPF induced the highest decline. Further, hypoactivity was associated with the narcotic effects of both compounds. Conversely, after 48 h of exposure, we observed an increasing tendency in the swimming parameters, particularly at the highest tested concentrations. However, the compounds did not exhibit the same trend. Rather, CPF-m induced high variations from the control groups. This reversal trend could be due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms, such as feeding, searching, or avoidance behaviours. These results suggest that BSRs are measurable active responses of organisms, which are controlled by time.

Allocation of time and child socio-emotional skills

In this study, we investigate the effect of time allocation on children’s non-cognitive development, using data from the Millennium Cohort Study (UK) and focusing on children aged 7 and 11 years. We classify the time spent outside of school into seven groups of activities and evaluate their impact on five socio-emotional skills drawn from the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, leveraging the data’s panel structure. We subsequently test the robustness of our estimates against endogeneity issues. Time spent on sports, studying, reading, tidying up and active time with parents have beneficial effects, while video-screen time and extra hours at school have harmful effects.

Meaning of Word ‘Content’ in Linguistic Consciousness of Young People

The article is devoted to the semantic-cognitive analysis of the meaning of the word ‘content’. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that in the linguistic literature there are no studies in which a semantic-cognitive description of the meaning of the word ‘content’ is presented. The results of a comparative analysis of the formal-logical and psycholinguistic study of the semantics of the word ‘content’ are presented. In the course of the study, a discrepancy was found between the lexicographic description and the psychological representation of concepts associated with discrepancies between the data of explanatory dictionaries and the conclusions made on the associative material. It was found that the systemic meaning of the word content, containing a minimum of features recorded in dictionaries in accordance with the principles of reductionism, is reduced to the content of messages and information. The experiment showed that in the mental representation of young people, content is perceived as unconfirmed interesting information on the Internet using visuality, written in simple language and designed to consume ⅓ of the active time of the day among modern youth.

A new perspective and explanation for the formation of plasmaspheric shoulder structures

Over the hours of 05:00–09:00 UT on 8 June 2001, the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) instrument on board the IMAGE satellite observed a shoulder-like formation in the morning sector and a post-noon plume-like structure. The plasmapause formation is simulated using the test particle model (TPM), based on a drift motion theory, which reproduces various plasmapause structures and evolution of the shoulder feature. The analysis indicates that the shoulder is created by sharp reduction and spatial non-uniformity in the dawn–dusk convection electric field intensity. The TPM-modeled event is found to develop an initial pre-dawn asymmetric bulge that becomes a shoulder as a result of increased “corotation” rate with an increasing L-shell that is preceded by localized outward convection. The shoulder structure rotates sunward and develops into a single- or double-plume structure during an active time period in simulation.