Synergy between interstitial flow and VEGF directs capillary morphogenesis in vitro through a gradient amplification mechanism

The in vivo microvasculature is a dynamic structure which is influenced by both biochemical (e.g. cytokines, growth factors) and biophysical factors (e.g. shear stress, interstitial flow). Important regulators of this structure are the endothelial cells which are normally quiescent but under certain conditions are able to form new vascular sprouts. Investigations into the mechanism of capillary morphogenesis of human endothelial cells warrant an in vitro model that closely mimics the physiological in vivo microenvironment. To this end, we have developed a novel microfabricated system which permits 2D and 3D culture of endothelial cells in biologically derived (e.g. type I collagen) or synthetic (self assembling peptides) scaffolds and delivers control flow rates and pressures. This system offers tremendous flexibility with regard to scaffold physical and chemical properties, physiologically relevant mechanical stress induced by surface shear and interstitial flow as well as chemotactic gradients. In addition we are able to directly monitor the progression of vascular networks in response to these critical factors.

Download Full-text

The mechanism of mouse egg-cylinder morphogenesis in vitro

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.61.1.277 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 277-287

Author(s):

A. J. Copp

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell ◽

Cell Formation ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Cell Number ◽

Dependent Change ◽

Morphogenesis In Vitro ◽

Trophoblast Giant Cells

The number of trophoblast giant cells in outgrowths of mouse blastocysts was determined before, during and after egg-cylinder formation in vitro. Giant-cell numbers rose initially but reached a plateau 12 h before the egg cylinder appeared. A secondary increase began 24 h after egg-cylinder formation. Blastocysts whose mural trophectoderm cells were removed before or shortly after attachment in vitro formed egg cylinders at the same time as intact blastocysts but their trophoblast outgrowths contained fewer giant cells at this time. The results support the idea that egg-cylinder formation in vitro is accompanied by a redirection of the polar to mural trophectoderm cell movement which characterizes blastocysts before implantation. The resumption of giant-cell number increase in trophoblast outgrowths after egg-cylinder formation may correspond to secondary giant-cell formation in vivo. It is suggested that a time-dependent change in the strength of trophoblast cell adhesion to the substratum occurs after blastocyst attachment in vitro which restricts the further entry of polar cells into the outgrowth and therefore results in egg-cylinder formation.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Human neural tube morphogenesis in vitro by geometric constraints.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.741057643.793589843 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chenbei Chang

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Geometric Constraints ◽

Morphogenesis In Vitro ◽

Tube Morphogenesis

Download Full-text

Late stages in bacteriophage λ head morphogenesis: In vitro studies on the action of the bacteriophage λ D-gene and W-gene products

Virology ◽

10.1016/0042-6822(88)90663-0 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 165 (1) ◽

pp. 103-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Roberta Perucchetti ◽

Wendy Parris ◽

Andrew Becker ◽

Marvin Gold

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Studies ◽

Gene Products ◽

Bacteriophage Λ ◽

Morphogenesis In Vitro ◽

Late Stages

Download Full-text

Tissue Differentiation and Peculiarities of Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) Plants Plasitic Metabolism in the Process of Indirect Morphogenesis In-Vitro Culture

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering ◽

10.1201/b18034-17 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 105-116

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

In Vitro Culture ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Tissue Differentiation ◽

Morphogenesis In Vitro

Download Full-text

PUMA amplifies necroptosis signaling by activating cytosolic DNA sensors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1717190115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (15) ◽

pp. 3930-3935 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Dongshi Chen ◽

Jingshan Tong ◽

Liheng Yang ◽

Liang Wei ◽

Donna B. Stolz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feedback Loop ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Dna Sensors ◽

Necrotic Cell ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Amplification Mechanism ◽

Signaling Process

Necroptosis, a form of regulated necrotic cell death, is governed by RIP1/RIP3-mediated activation of MLKL. However, the signaling process leading to necroptotic death remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that PUMA, a proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member, is transcriptionally activated in an RIP3/MLKL-dependent manner following induction of necroptosis. The induction of PUMA, which is mediated by autocrine TNF-α and enhanced NF-κB activity, contributes to necroptotic death in RIP3-expressing cells with caspases inhibited. On induction, PUMA promotes the cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA and activation of the DNA sensors DAI/Zbp1 and STING, leading to enhanced RIP3 and MLKL phosphorylation in a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, deletion of PUMA partially rescues necroptosis-mediated developmental defects in FADD-deficient embryos. Collectively, our results reveal a signal amplification mechanism mediated by PUMA and cytosolic DNA sensors that is involved in TNF-driven necroptotic death in vitro and in vivo.

Download Full-text