scholarly journals Near-term deployment of carbon capture and sequestration from biorefineries in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (19) ◽  
pp. 4875-4880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Sanchez ◽  
Nils Johnson ◽  
Sean T. McCoy ◽  
Peter A. Turner ◽  
Katharine J. Mach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Carbon Capture And Sequestration ◽  
Near Term

Capture and permanent geologic sequestration of biogenic CO2 emissions may provide critical flexibility in ambitious climate change mitigation. However, most bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) technologies are technically immature or commercially unavailable. Here, we evaluate low-cost, commercially ready CO2 capture opportunities for existing ethanol biorefineries in the United States. The analysis combines process engineering, spatial optimization, and lifecycle assessment to consider the technical, economic, and institutional feasibility of near-term carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). Our modeling framework evaluates least cost source–sink relationships and aggregation opportunities for pipeline transport, which can cost-effectively transport small CO2 volumes to suitable sequestration sites; 216 existing US biorefineries emit 45 Mt CO2 annually from fermentation, of which 60% could be captured and compressed for pipeline transport for under $25/tCO2. A sequestration credit, analogous to existing CCS tax credits, of $60/tCO2 could incent 30 Mt of sequestration and 6,900 km of pipeline infrastructure across the United States. Similarly, a carbon abatement credit, analogous to existing tradeable CO2 credits, of $90/tCO2 can incent 38 Mt of abatement. Aggregation of CO2 sources enables cost-effective long-distance pipeline transport to distant sequestration sites. Financial incentives under the low-carbon fuel standard in California and recent revisions to existing federal tax credits suggest a substantial near-term opportunity to permanently sequester biogenic CO2. This financial opportunity could catalyze the growth of carbon capture, transport, and sequestration; improve the lifecycle impacts of conventional biofuels; support development of carbon-negative fuels; and help fulfill the mandates of low-carbon fuel policies across the United States.

scholarly journals Geospatial analysis of near-term potential for carbon-negative bioenergy in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (13) ◽  
pp. 3290-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejeong Baik ◽  
Daniel L. Sanchez ◽  
Peter A. Turner ◽  
Katharine J. Mach ◽  
Christopher B. Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Near Term ◽  
And Storage

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a negative-emissions technology that may play a crucial role in climate change mitigation. BECCS relies on the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) following bioenergy production to remove and reliably sequester atmospheric CO2. Previous BECCS deployment assessments have largely overlooked the potential lack of spatial colocation of suitable storage basins and biomass availability, in the absence of long-distance biomass and CO2 transport. These conditions could constrain the near-term technical deployment potential of BECCS due to social and economic barriers that exist for biomass and CO2 transport. This study leverages biomass production data and site-specific injection and storage capacity estimates at high spatial resolution to assess the near-term deployment opportunities for BECCS in the United States. If the total biomass resource available in the United States was mobilized for BECCS, an estimated 370 Mt CO2⋅y−1 of negative emissions could be supplied in 2020. However, the absence of long-distance biomass and CO2 transport, as well as limitations imposed by unsuitable regional storage and injection capacities, collectively decrease the technical potential of negative emissions to 100 Mt CO2⋅y−1. Meeting this technical potential may require large-scale deployment of BECCS technology in more than 1,000 counties, as well as widespread deployment of dedicated energy crops. Specifically, the Illinois basin, Gulf region, and western North Dakota have the greatest potential for near-term BECCS deployment. High-resolution spatial assessment as conducted in this study can inform near-term opportunities that minimize social and economic barriers to BECCS deployment.

Integrated Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage for the Mid-Continent Region of the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Duguid ◽  
Diana Bacon ◽  
Dan Blankenau ◽  
Dana Divine ◽  
Isis Fukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
The United States ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Taxes, Transfers, and Women’s Labor Supply in the United States

2017 ◽  
pp. 452-480
Author(s):  
Melanie Guldi ◽  
Lucie Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tax And Transfer System ◽  
Women’S Labor Supply

The US tax and transfer system generates revenue and provides safety net programs that move millions out of poverty. Since women are more likely to live in poverty, they are more likely to qualify for means-tested transfers. The structure of taxation in the United States often penalizes secondary earners, who are usually women. These programs alter work incentives and consequently may affect labor supply decisions. In this chapter, we examine the empirical evidence on the effects of taxes and transfers on the labor supply of women in the United States. We show that much has changed since 1990, with the biggest shift being a change from cash transfers via welfare to refundable tax credits to workers. Overall, the evidence we review shows women have higher labor force participation and are less responsive to changes in after-tax wages than they were before 1990, but the labor supply effects vary substantially by program considered.

A Clash of Spacepowers

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-270
Author(s):  
Bleddyn E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Critical Moment ◽  
Illustrative Application

Chapter 6’s illustrative application of the theory demonstrates how the propositions are instructive when critically applied a Taiwan war scenario. In this case, it demonstrates how spacepower can influence terrestrial considerations for battle, in particular with long-distance precision-strike warfare, or ‘anti-access/area denial’ (A2/AD) warfare in current military jargon. Two contrasting strategies are critiqued in the case study as equally valid possibilities – the all-out first strike ‘Space Pearl Harbor’ strategy and ‘Counterspace-in-Being’ strategy of keeping space strikes in reserve for a critical moment. These strategies are two possible options for both the United States of America and People’s Republic of China, with Taiwan also having many opportunities of its own to resist Chinese invasion from the mainland. Projecting support from celestial communications down to Earth from the cosmic coastline changes the calculations of concentration and dispersal for military forces on Earth, and understanding the thorny questions of how and when to strike against space systems is aided by an understanding of all seven propositions.

Improving Economic Opportunity in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-89
Author(s):  
Jared Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Regressive Tax ◽  
Investments In Children ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Work Supports

This chapter examines barriers to economic opportunity and mobility in the United States and offers near- and long-term policies to reduce these barriers. These barriers include high levels of income inequality, unequal access to educational opportunities, residential segregation by income, inadequate investments in children and certain areas, and disparities between economic conditions in rural relative to metro areas. In the near-term, running tight labor markets, infrastructure investment, direct job creation, healthcare and other work supports, and apprenticeships could reduce these barriers. Longer term solutions invoke policy interventions targeting inequality, inadequate housing, income and wage stagnation, nutritional and health support, the criminal justice system, and educational access. It is also crucial to avoid policies that keep opportunity barriers in place, such as reducing the provision of public healthcare, regressive tax cuts, and budget cuts to programs that help low- and moderate-income families.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document