scholarly journals Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images

2000 ◽  
Vol 97 (20) ◽  
pp. 11050-11055 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fischl ◽  
A. M. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

Reconstruction of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xu ◽  
D.L. Pham ◽  
M.E. Rettmann ◽  
D.N. Yu ◽  
J.L. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

scholarly journals Measurements of the anaplerotic rate in the human cerebral cortex using13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and [1-13C] and [2-13C] glucose

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme F. Mason ◽  
Kitt Falk Petersen ◽  
Robin A. de Graaf ◽  
Gerald I. Shulman ◽  
Douglas L. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

scholarly journals The Proliferation of Dentate Gyrus Progenitors in the Ferret Hippocampus by Neonatal Exposure to Valproic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Sawada ◽  
Shiori Kamiya ◽  
Ichio Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Neonatal Exposure

Prenatal and neonatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is associated with human autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can alter the development of several brain regions, such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and amygdala. Neonatal VPA exposure induces ASD-like behavioral abnormalities in a gyrencephalic mammal, ferret, but it has not been evaluated in brain regions other than the cerebral cortex in this animal. This study aimed to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of brain abnormalities induced by developmental VPA exposure in ferrets. We examined gross structural changes in the hippocampus and tracked proliferative cells by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling following VPA administration to ferret infants on postnatal days (PDs) 6 and 7 at 200 μg/g of body weight. Ex vivo short repetition time/time to echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high spatial resolution at 7-T was obtained from the fixed brain of PD 20 ferrets. The hippocampal volume estimated using MRI-based volumetry was not significantly different between the two groups of ferrets, and optical comparisons on coronal magnetic resonance images revealed no differences in gross structures of the hippocampus between VPA-treated and control ferrets. BrdU-labeled cells were observed throughout the hippocampus of both two groups at PD 20. BrdU-labeled cells were immunopositive for Sox2 (>70%) and almost immunonegative for NeuN, S100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. BrdU-labeled Sox2-positive progenitors were abundant, particularly in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG), and were denser in VPA-treated ferrets. When BrdU-labeled Sox2-positive progenitors were examined at 2 h after the second VPA administration on PD 7, their density in the granular/subgranular layer and hilus of the DG was significantly greater in VPA-treated ferrets compared to controls. The findings suggest that VPA exposure to ferret infants facilitates the proliferation of DG progenitors, supplying excessive progenitors for hippocampal adult neurogenesis to the subgranular layer.

scholarly journals Age-specific gene signatures underlying the transcriptomes and functional connectomes of human cerebral cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingzhong Zhao ◽  
Jingqi Chen ◽  
Peipei Xiao ◽  
Jianfeng Feng ◽  
Ning Qing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Gene Signatures ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe human cerebral cortex undergoes profound structural and functional dynamic variations across the lifespan, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, with a novel method TCA (Transcriptome-connectome Correlation Analysis), which integrates the brain functional MR magnetic resonance images and region-specific transcriptomes, we identify age-specific cortex (ASC) gene signatures for adolescence, early adulthood, and late adulthood. The ASC gene signatures are significantly correlated with the cortical thickness (P-value <2.00e-3) and myelination (P-value <1.00e-3), two key brain structural features that vary in accordance with brain development. In addition to the molecular underpinning of age-related brain functions, the ASC gene signatures allow delineation of the molecular mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as the regulation between ARNT2 and its target gene ETF1 involved in Schizophrenia. We further validate the ASC gene signatures with published gene sets associated with the adult cortex, and confirm the robustness of TCA on other brain image datasets.

Magnetic resonance imaging identifies cytoarchitectonic subtypes of the normal human cerebral cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 211 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Bendersky ◽  
Carlos Rugilo ◽  
Silvia Kochen ◽  
Gustavo Schuster ◽  
Roberto E.P. Sica
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Normal Human

scholarly journals Identifying age-specific gene signatures of the human cerebral cortex with joint analysis of transcriptomes and functional connectomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingzhong Zhao ◽  
Jingqi Chen ◽  
Peipei Xiao ◽  
Jianfeng Feng ◽  
Qing Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Gene Signatures ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Age Related

Abstract The human cerebral cortex undergoes profound structural and functional dynamic variations across the lifespan, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, with a novel method transcriptome-connectome correlation analysis (TCA), which integrates the brain functional magnetic resonance images and region-specific transcriptomes, we identify age-specific cortex (ASC) gene signatures for adolescence, early adulthood and late adulthood. The ASC gene signatures are significantly correlated with the cortical thickness (P-value &lt;2.00e-3) and myelination (P-value &lt;1.00e-3), two key brain structural features that vary in accordance with brain development. In addition to the molecular underpinning of age-related brain functions, the ASC gene signatures allow delineation of the molecular mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as the regulation between ARNT2 and its target gene ETF1 involved in Schizophrenia. We further validate the ASC gene signatures with published gene sets associated with the adult cortex, and confirm the robustness of TCA on other brain image datasets. Availability: All scripts are written in R. Scripts for the TCA method and related statistics result can be freely accessed at https://github.com/Soulnature/TCA. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.

Brainprints: Computer-Generated Two-Dimensional Maps of the Human Cerebral Cortex in vivo

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc L. Jouandet ◽  
Mark Jude Tramo ◽  
Daniel M. Herron ◽  
Allison Hermann ◽  
William C. Loftus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Perceptual Performance

We describe an in vivo method for the quantitative analysis of human necrotical anatomy. The technique allows unfolded regions of functional and morphological interest to be measured planimetrically. Two-dimensional cortical maps and surface area determinations derived from magnetic resonance images of monozygotic twins are presented. In addition, reconstructions and measurements of published post-mortem human and rhesus monkey hemispheres are reported. Potential applications for the study of brain organization in relation to cognitive, motor, and perceptual performance in normal and neurological populations are considered.

Fractal analysis of the boundary between white matter and cerebral cortex in magnetic resonance images: a controlled study of schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bullmore ◽  
M. Brammer ◽  
I. Harvey ◽  
R. Persaud ◽  
R. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Box Counting Method ◽  
Depressive Patients

SynopsisThis paper reports development of a computerized (‘box-counting’) method for estimation of fractal dimension (FD) of the magnetic resonance image (MRI) boundary between cerebral cortex and white matter; and the application of this method to MRIs of 39 schizophrenics (SZs), 23 manic-depressives (MDs) and 31 controls (CONs). Mean FD across all diagnostic groups was 1·402; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·399 to 1·406. Mean FD was greater in boundaries extracted from manic-depressive patients than in boundaries extracted from controls (difference between MD and CON mean FDs = 0·008; 95% CI −0·002 to +0·018); and less in schizophrenics than in controls (difference between SZ and CON mean FDs = −0·003; 95% CI −0·011 to +0·005). Mean FD was positively correlated with subcortical volume and anterior cerebral volume, and negatively correlated with sulcal cerebrospinal fluid volume. Significant differences in mean FD between diagnostic groups were demonstrated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA; P < 0·01), with age and volumetric measures of brain size as covariates; and manic-depressive boundaries were shown to have significantly greater values for residual FD (after controlling for effects of brain size) than boundaries extracted from controls (t test; P < 0·05). It is proposed that FD is a useful measure of clinically relevant differences in the complexity of MRI boundaries.

scholarly journals Fractional Order Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting in the Human Cerebral Cortex

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1549
Author(s):  
Viktor Vegh ◽  
Shahrzad Moinian ◽  
Qianqian Yang ◽  
David C. Reutens
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Bloch Equations ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Dictionary Matching ◽  
Integer Order

Mathematical models are becoming increasingly important in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as they provide a mechanistic approach for making a link between tissue microstructure and signals acquired using the medical imaging instrument. The Bloch equations, which describes spin and relaxation in a magnetic field, are a set of integer order differential equations with a solution exhibiting mono-exponential behaviour in time. Parameters of the model may be estimated using a non-linear solver or by creating a dictionary of model parameters from which MRI signals are simulated and then matched with experiment. We have previously shown the potential efficacy of a magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) approach, i.e., dictionary matching based on the classical Bloch equations for parcellating the human cerebral cortex. However, this classical model is unable to describe in full the mm-scale MRI signal generated based on an heterogenous and complex tissue micro-environment. The time-fractional order Bloch equations have been shown to provide, as a function of time, a good fit of brain MRI signals. The time-fractional model has solutions in the form of Mittag–Leffler functions that generalise conventional exponential relaxation. Such functions have been shown by others to be useful for describing dielectric and viscoelastic relaxation in complex heterogeneous materials. Hence, we replaced the integer order Bloch equations with the previously reported time-fractional counterpart within the MRF framework and performed experiments to parcellate human gray matter, which consists of cortical brain tissue with different cyto-architecture at different spatial locations. Our findings suggest that the time-fractional order parameters, α and β, potentially associate with the effect of interareal architectonic variability, which hypothetically results in more accurate cortical parcellation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document