Intestinal dysbiosis in celiac disease: Decreased butyrate production may facilitate the onset of the disease

Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa due to an immune response to wheat gliadins. It presents in subjects with genetic susceptibility (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity and non-HLA genes) and under the influence of environmental triggers, such as viral infections and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The only treatment currently available in CD is a gluten-free diet for life. Despite this, the intestinal dysbiosis that is recorded in celiac subjects persists, even with adherence to dietary therapy. In this review, we have analyzed the literature over the past several decades, which have focused on the use of pro-, pre- and post-biotics in vitro and in vivo in CD. The study of probiotics and their products in CD could be interesting for observing their various effects on several different pathways, including anti-inflammatory properties.

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Antibiotics, intestinal dysbiosis and risk of celiac disease

Digestive and Liver Disease ◽

10.1016/j.dld.2016.09.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hakim Rahmoune ◽

Nada Boutrid ◽

Mounira Amrane ◽

Belkacem Bioud

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis

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Reply to “Antibiotics, intestinal dysbiosis and risk of celiac disease” by Hakim Rahmoune et al. [Digestive and Liver Disease]

Digestive and Liver Disease ◽

10.1016/j.dld.2016.10.009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 106-107

Author(s):

Kärt Simre ◽

Oivi Uibo ◽

Vallo Tillmann ◽

Mikael Knip ◽

Raivo Uibo

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis

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The Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease and probiotics

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102375 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2375 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Chibbar ◽

Dieleman

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, and unique in that the specific trigger is known: gluten. The current mainstay of therapy is a gluten-free diet (GFD). As novel therapies are being developed, complementary strategies are also being studied, such as modulation of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota is involved in the initiation and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation in several chronic diseases. Intestinal dysbiosis has been reported in CeD patients, untreated or treated with GFD, compared to healthy subjects. Several studies have identified differential bacterial populations associated with CeD patients and healthy subjects. However, it is still not clear if intestinal dysbiosis is the cause or effect of CeD. Probiotics have also been considered as a strategy to modulate the gut microbiome to an anti-inflammatory state. However, there is a paucity of data to support their use in treating CeD. Further studies are needed with therapeutic microbial formulations combined with human trials on the use of probiotics to treat CeD by restoring the gut microbiome to an anti-inflammatory state.

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