scholarly journals Placental transfer of essential fatty acids in humans: venous-arterial difference for docosahexaenoic acid in fetal umbilical erythrocytes.

1990 ◽  
Vol 87 (20) ◽  
pp. 7902-7906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruyle ◽  
W. E. Connor ◽  
G. J. Anderson ◽  
R. I. Lowensohn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Fatty Acids Containing Natural and Commercial Diets on Larvae Rearing of the Green Mud Crab Scylla Paramamosain (Estampador 1949)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
M. L. Islam ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
K. Yahya ◽  
R. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Commercial Diets

Effect of essential fatty acids (EFA) on growth and survival of the green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) larvae was assessed by feeding with natural to commercial diets. The feeding schemes were: larvae reared with Artemia (T1); larvae initially fed with rotifers (up to Z2) and ended (Z3 to megalopa) with Artemia (T2); and larvae fed with rotifers up to Z2 and ended (Z3 to megalopa) with commercial diet (T3). The commercial diet had significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (11.23%), ?n-3’s (15.90%) and ?n-6’s (4.21%); and lacked in eicosapentaenoic acid (2.25%) than rotifer and Artemia. The earliest commencement of megalopa stage within 15 days with significantly (p<0.05) higher larval stage index (LSI) of 5.90±0.17 was achieved from the feeding scheme of T2 than other two feeding schemes. This feeding scheme deposited 17.32±0.19% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 3.82±0.11% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); the ?n-3 to ?n-6 ratio of 0.20 and EPA to DHA ratio of 0.22 in megalopa, that stimulated significantly higher (p<0.05) megalopa survival (20.00±6.96%) indicating the superiority over rest feeding schemes. Meanwhile, some deformities and mortalities in Z5 and megalopa stages suggested further studies for optimization of specific fatty acid requirements for late larval stages (Z5 and megalopa).

Relationship between fish oil intake by dairy cows and the yield of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in their milk

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 199-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
C. Dyer ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
R. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
The Uk

The dietary essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are predominantly found in fish oil, but fish consumption in the UK is low. Increasing the yield of EPA and DHA in cows’ milk would increase human intakes of EPA and DHA, and this can be achieved by including fish oil in cows’ diets. However, because EPA and DHA are susceptible to rumen biohydrogenation, their transfer efficiency into milk is low.In vitroobservations by Gulatiet al. (1999) suggested that if the concentration of fish oil in the rumen exceeded 1 mg/ml, EPA and DHA were not hydrogenated. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the relationships between fish oil intake by dairy cows, and the probable concentrations of fish oil in the cows’ rumen, with the yield of EPA and DHA in their milk.

scholarly journals Role and significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in nutrition in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Ristic ◽  
Gordana Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Starting Point

Introduction Hyperlipoproteinemia is a key factor in development of atherosclerosis, whereas regression of atherosclerosis mostly depends on decreasing the plasma level of total and LDL-cholesterol. Many studies have reported the hypocholesterolemic effect of linolenic acid. Types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Linoleic and ?-linolenic acids are essential fatty acids. The main sources of linoleic acid are vegetable seeds and of ?-linolenic acid - green parts of plants. ?-linolenic acid is converted to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Linoleic acid is converted into arachidonic acid competing with eicosapentaenoic acid in the starting point for synthesis of eicosanoids, which are strong regulators of cell functions and as such, very important in physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system. Eicosanoids derived from eicosapentaenoic acid have different biological properties in regard to those derived from arachidonic acid, i.e. their global effects result in decreased vasoconstriction platelet aggregation and leukocyte toxicity. Role and significant of PUFA The n-6 to n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food is very important, and an optimal ratio 4 to 1 in diet is a major issue. Traditional western diets present absolute or relative deficiency of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a ratio 15-20 to 1. In our diet fish and fish oil are sources of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Refined and processed vegetable oils change the nature of polyunsaturated fatty acids and obtained derivates have atherogenic properties.

scholarly journals Impact of Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Tissue Fatty Acid Incorporation in the Young Pig (P09-009-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylee Hahn ◽  
Irina Dahms ◽  
Christopher Butt ◽  
Norman Salem ◽  
Ryan Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are conditionally essential fatty acids (FA) commonly supplemented in human infant formulas due to insufficient endogenous synthesis. Supplementation of these FA has been shown to yield FA profiles closer to those of a breastfed infant. The need for DHA supplementation in infant formula has been well-establish due to its positive influence on retinal and cognitive health. However, ARA supplementation recommendations have come under some scrutiny. This study aimed to use the neonatal piglet model to examine the impact of single and dual supplementation of ARA and DHA on tissue FA incorporation. Methods Forty-eight male pigs were provided one of four dietary treatments ad libitum (n = 12 per treatment) from postnatal day 2 to 30. Dietary treatments included the following target ARA and DHA levels expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids: Diet 1 – Control (devoid of ARA and DHA), Diet 2 – 0.8% ARA, Diet 3 – 0.8% DHA, Diet 4 – 0.8% ARA + 0.8% DHA. Growth and food intake were measured daily. Plasma, red blood cells (RBC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were collected at study conclusion for FA analysis. Results There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between diet groups in food intake and overall growth. Pigs on diet 1 had lower (P < 0.001) ARA than those on diet 2 in the PFC, plasma, and RBC. Pigs on diet 3 had lower incorporation of ARA than those on diet 1 in the PFC (P < 0.001) and RBC (P = 0.03). Pigs on diet 4 had lower incorporation of ARA than those on diet 2 in the PFC (P < 0.001), plasma (P < 0.01), and RBC (P = 0.01). Pigs on diet 1 had lower (P < 0.001) DHA levels than those on diet 3 in the PFC, plasma, and RBC. There were no significant differences in DHA levels (P > 0.05) between diet 1 and diet 2 in PFC, plasma, or RBC. Pigs on diet 4 had lower incorporation (P < 0.01) of DHA than those on diet 3 in the PFC and plasma. Conclusions These results show that PFC, RBC, and plasma ARA and DHA levels are sensitive to dietary intake when compared to diets devoid of these fatty acids. Results also indicate that endogenous ARA levels in the PFC and RBC are reduced when only DHA supplementation is provided in the absence of dietary ARA, hence the supplementation of ARA when DHA is provided may be warranted for maintenance of ARA concentrations in these tissues. Funding Sources DSM Nutritional Products.

Dietary manipulation to increase conjugated linoleic acids and other desirable fatty acids in beef: A review

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
M. Ivan ◽  
M. L. He ◽  
B. Pink ◽  
E. Okine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Total Fat

The diet is the source of many essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids for all mammals. These fatty acids either, as altered isomers or as other elongated products, have been found to provide unique advantages to human health. Currently two conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2; trans-10, cis-12 C18:2) and two elongated products of linolenic acid [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3)] have been recognized for their roles in maintaining human health. Consumers can obtain these functional fatty acids from beef if the feeding management of beef cattle can be altered to include precursor fatty acids. Diet, breed, and gender are important factors that affect total fat content and/or the fatty acid profile of beef with regard to CLA, EPA, and DHA. Diet provides the precursor fatty acids that are altered and deposited, and breed dictates, the amount of fat that is deposited. These fatty acids can be increased in beef by increasing the forage:concentrate ratio, inclusion of non-fermented forage, and supplementation with various oils or oil seeds. The CLA and vaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1) concentration in beef was increased by feeding sunflower oil or seeds, linseed, and soybean oil supplemented diets, while cattle fed linseed and fish oil supplemented diets had increased concentrations of EPA and DHA. Although the concentration of these fatty acids can be increased in beef, there is a need to further the understanding of the mechanism by which they exert positive affects on human health. Key words: Cattle, beef, fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid

Essential fatty acids in the diet of prawn. II. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on growth.

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio KANAZAWA ◽  
Shin-ichi TESHIMA ◽  
Shigeru TOKIWA ◽  
Mitsu KAYAMA ◽  
Minoru HIRATA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids

scholarly journals A complete enzymatic capacity for biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n–3) exists in the marine Harpacticoida copepod Tigriopus californicus

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Kabeya ◽  
Masanari Ogino ◽  
Hideki Ushio ◽  
Yutaka Haga ◽  
Shuichi Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Tigriopus Californicus ◽  
Front End

The long-standing paradigm establishing that global production of Omega-3 (n–3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) derived almost exclusively from marine single-cell organisms, was recently challenged by the discovery that multiple invertebrates possess methyl-end (or ω x) desaturases, critical enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of n–3 LC-PUFA. However, the question of whether animals with ω x desaturases have complete n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways and hence can contribute to the production of these compounds in marine ecosystems remained unanswered. In the present study, we investigated the complete enzymatic complement involved in the n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis in Tigriopus californicus , an intertidal harpacticoid copepod. A total of two ω x desaturases, five front-end desaturases and six fatty acyl elongases were successfully isolated and functionally characterized. The T. californicus ω x desaturases enable the de novo biosynthesis of C 18 PUFA such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids, as well as several n–3 LC-PUFA from n–6 substrates. Functions demonstrated in front-end desaturases and fatty acyl elongases unveiled various routes through which T. californicus can biosynthesize the physiologically important arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Moreover, T. californicus possess a Δ4 desaturase, enabling the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid via the ‘Δ4 pathway’. In conclusion, harpacticoid copepods such as T. californicus have complete n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways and such capacity illustrates major roles of these invertebrates in the provision of essential fatty acids to upper trophic levels.

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