Macrophage killing is an essential virulence mechanism of Salmonella typhimurium.

Survival of Salmonella typhimurium within macrophages is associated with virulence. Most data on the fate of Salmonella during infection of macrophages are derived from viable counts of intracellular bacteria. These counts are a result of a combination of bacterial death and growth within the intracellular population but may not reflect the true levels of either macrophage killing of Salmonella or bacterial growth inside cells. In this study, two independent methods have been used to obtain a more accurate measurement of absolute levels of both death and growth of Salmonella inside macrophages. A purine auxotroph (purD) was used to measure Salmonella death in the absence of bacterial growth and then bacterial growth was measured by supplementing the purD cultures with adenosine. Numbers of dead and live Salmonella were also quantitated using the BacLight staining system, which distinguishes dead from live bacteria. Both methods demonstrate that killing of Salmonella by macrophages is considerably greater than detected using traditional cell counts and that bacterial inactivation occurs throughout the infection period. Salmonella was inactivated at a similar rate in both J774 macrophages (most permissive macrophages) and peritoneal exuadate macrophages (least permissive macrophages), suggesting that the major difference between these cells is the ability to limit bacterial growth. These studies also demonstrate that growth of Salmonella within murine macrophages occurs simultaneously with significant amounts of bacterial death. Identifying the factors responsible for shifting the interaction between macrophages and bacteria toward conditions that favor bacterial growth will be critical to understanding Salmonella virulence.Key words: Salmonella, macrophage, purD, purine auxotroph.

Download Full-text

Expression of the murine interleukin-4 gene in an attenuated aroA strain of Salmonella typhimurium: persistence and immune response in BALB/c mice and susceptibility to macrophage killing.

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.61.11.4818-4827.1993 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 61 (11) ◽

pp. 4818-4827 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

K Denich ◽

P Börlin ◽

P D O'Hanley ◽

M Howard ◽

A W Heath

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Macrophage Killing

Download Full-text

Control by H-2 genes of the Th1 response induced against a foreign antigen expressed by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium

Immunology Letters ◽

10.1016/s0165-2478(97)88017-0 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 56 (1-3) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

R Lo-Man

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Th1 Response ◽

Foreign Antigen ◽

Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium

Download Full-text

Molecular Identification of Salmonella typhimurium from Chicken meat, and Human by PCR

International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering June 5-6, 2015 Istanbul (Turkey) ◽

10.15242/iicbe.c0615050 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Chicken Meat

Download Full-text

Determination of antibacterial propertiesof triazines in regards to Salmonella typhimurium

The Animal Biology ◽

10.15407/animbiol19.01.016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 16-23

Author(s):

M. M. Babkina ◽

◽

O. V. Vasylchenko ◽

O. M. Deriabin ◽

A. A. Tarasov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium

Download Full-text

Nomenclature Abstract for Salmonella typhimurium (Loeffler 1892) Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980).

The NamesforLife Abstracts ◽

10.1601/nm.3311 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Charles Thomas Parker ◽

Sarah Wigley ◽

George M Garrity ◽

Dorothea Taylor

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium

Download Full-text

Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activity of Vitexdoniana (verbenaceae) on Salmonella typhimurium

International Journal of Innovative Research and Development ◽

10.24940/ijird/2017/v6/i9/sep17027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Appah ◽

S. D. Denwe ◽

Odiba Igbi Abigail

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium

Download Full-text

Liver, Kidney Function Tests and Oxidative Damage During and after Treatment of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Experimental Local Rabbits

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i4.14536 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Salah Hasan ◽

Ayman Barzan Abdulgafor ◽

Maher Saber Owain ◽

Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽

Qusay Mohammed Aboud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Infected Group ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Kidney Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2

This study aimed to evaluate the liver, kidney damage caused by S. typhimurium and to estimate the oxidative damage in association with this bacteria. A highly virulent isolates of S. typhimurium were obtained from the department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A twenty five local rabbits of both genders with age range (2-4 months) weeks old were used for this study, the rabbits were divided randomly into five groups each group contains 5 rabbits :- group 1: drenched orally with 5 ml of normal saline and consider as control group, group 2: were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium and regarded as infected group, group 3 were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which have (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation), group 4 were drenched (5 ml) suspension having (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of Ca-EDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and group 5 were drenched (5 ml) suspension that contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of combined gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation).The results of biochemical profile showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in ALT, creatinine and urea levels in infected group as compared with control group, while, the treated groups especially group 5 showed a significant improvement in ALT, Urea and creatinine levels which returned to relative normal levels as compared with infected group after 96hrs. post treatment. Also, the results of oxidative stress showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA in G2, G3, G4 and G5 after 48 hrs. post treatment, while the level of GSH showed a significant decrease in the level at 48hrs., both were returned to relative normal levels after 96hrs.post treatment especially in group 5.In conclusion, S. typhimurium can causing liver and kidney damage which is manifested by increase ALT, Urea and Creatinine. Also, MDA and GSH is increased due to salmonellosis.

Download Full-text