scholarly journals Persistent Interleukin-1β Signaling Causes Long Term Activation of NFκB in a Promoter-specific Manner in Human Glial Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (15) ◽  
pp. 10316-10326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Griffin ◽  
Paul N. Moynagh
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Specific Manner

scholarly journals On the mod resc Model and the Evolution of Wolbachia Compatibility Types

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Charlat ◽  
Claire Calmet ◽  
Hervé Merçot
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Specific Manner

Abstract Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is induced by the endocellular bacterium Wolbachia. It results in an embryonic mortality occurring when infected males mate with uninfected females. The mechanism involved is currently unknown, but the mod resc model allows interpretation of all observations made so far. It postulates the existence of two bacterial functions: modification (mod) and rescue (resc). The mod function acts in the males' germline, before Wolbachia are shed from maturing sperm. If sperm is affected by mod, zygote development will fail unless resc is expressed in the egg. Interestingly, CI is also observed in crosses between infected males and infected females when the two partners bear different Wolbachia strains, demonstrating that mod and resc interact in a specific manner: Two Wolbachia strains are compatible with each other only if they harbor the same compatibility type. Here we focus on the evolutionary process involved in the emergence of new compatibility types from ancestral ones. We argue that new compatibility types are likely to evolve under a wider range of conditions than previously thought, through a two-step process. First, new mod variants can arise by mutation and spread by drift. This is possible because mod is expressed in males and Wolbachia is transmitted by females. Second, once such a mod variant achieves a certain frequency, it can create the conditions for the deterministic invasion of a new resc variant, allowing the invasion of a new mod resc pair. Furthermore, we show that a stable polymorphism might be maintained in natural populations, allowing the long-term existence of “suicidal” Wolbachia strains.

P2Y 14 receptor is functionally expressed in satellite glial cells and mediates interleukin‐1β and chemokine CCL2 secretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (11) ◽  
pp. 21199-21210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu Lin ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Yan‐yan Zhang ◽  
Ning Song ◽  
Meng‐ke Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Satellite Glial Cells

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine suppresses interleukin-1β-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in rat glial cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1032-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUMIKO TANABE ◽  
RIE MATSUSHIMA-NISHIWAKI ◽  
OSAMU KOZAWA ◽  
HIROKI IIDA
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Interleukin 1Β

Long-term cell culture of electrically active sensory neurons free of glial cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Rieske ◽  
Georg W. Kreutzberg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Glial Cells

scholarly journals The Relative Kicking Frequency of Infants Born Full-term and Preterm During Learning and Short-term and Long-term Memory Periods of the Mobile Paradigm

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill C Heathcock ◽  
Anjana N Bhat ◽  
Michele A Lobo ◽  
James (Cole) Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Specific Manner

Abstract Background and Purpose. Infants born preterm differ in their spontaneous kicking, as well as their learning and memory abilities in the mobile paradigm, compared with infants born full-term. In the mobile paradigm, a supine infant's ankle is tethered to a mobile so that leg kicks cause a proportional amount of mobile movement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative kicking frequency of the tethered (right) and nontethered (left) legs in these 2 groups of infants. Subjects. Ten infants born full-term and 10 infants born preterm (<33 weeks gestational age, <2,500 g) and 10 comparison infants participated in the study. Methods. The relative kicking frequencies of the tethered and nontethered legs were analyzed during learning and short-term and long-term memory periods of the mobile paradigm. Results. Infants born full-term showed an increase in the relative kicking frequency of the tethered leg during the learning period and the short-term memory period but not for the long-term memory period. Infants born preterm did not show a change in kicking pattern for learning or memory periods, and consistently kicked both legs in relatively equal amounts. Discussion and Conclusion. Infants born full-term adapted their baseline kicking frequencies in a task-specific manner to move the mobile and then retained this adaptation for the short-term memory period. In contrast, infants born preterm showed no adaptation, suggesting a lack of purposeful leg control. This lack of control may reflect a general decrease in the ability of infants born preterm to use their limb movements to interact with their environment. As such, the mobile paradigm may be clinically useful in the early assessment and intervention of infants born preterm and at risk for future impairment.

Peritransplant and Long-Term Secretion of Interleukin-1β in Cyclosporine Treated Syngeneic Rats Allografted With Islets of Langerhans

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 2375-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Gürol ◽  
A.Ö. Kurşun ◽  
F. Süzergöz ◽  
U.C. Küçüksezer ◽  
B. Kıran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Interleukin 1Β

scholarly journals Reelin deficiency contributes to long-term behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Iemolo ◽  
Aisha Nur ◽  
Patricia Montilla-Perez ◽  
Victoria B Risbrough ◽  
Francesca Telese
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adolescent Exposure

AbstractHeavy and frequent use of cannabis during adolescence increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this vulnerability remain largely unknown. Here, we explore whether adolescent vulnerability to long-term behavioral effects of cannabis is modulated by Reelin, a gene implicated in the development of the brain and of psychiatric disorders. To this aim, heterozygous Reeler (HR) mice, that express reduced level of Reelin, were chronically exposed during adolescence to high doses (10mg/kg) of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a major psychoactive component of cannabis. Mice were tested in early adulthood with multiple behavioral assays, including working memory, social interaction, locomotor activity, anxiety-like responses, stress reactivity, and pre-pulse inhibition. Compared to wild-type (WT), HR mice treated with THC showed impaired social behaviors, elevated disinhibitory phenotypes and increased responsiveness to aversive situations, in a sex-specific manner. Independent of THC exposure, HR mice also spent more time exploring unfamiliar objects, indicating that Reelin modulates novelty seeking behavior. To identify the neuronal ensemble underlying this elevated novelty seeking in HR mice, we mapped the regional brain expression of the immediate early gene, Fos, in mice exposed to novel objects. HR mice exhibited reduced neuronal activation in the lateral septum, a subcortical brain structure implicated in emotions, cognition and reward processes. Overall, these findings show that (1) Reelin deficiency influences behavioral abnormalities caused by heavy consumption of THC during adolescence, and (2) that Reelin plays a role in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying disinhibitory behaviors, such as novelty seeking.Significant StatementThe link between cannabis abuse and the development psychiatric disorders, especially in adolescents, makes understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cannabis effects on the brain a significant biomedical problem. Reelin is a key signaling molecule in the development of the adolescent brain and of psychiatric disorders, but its role in modulating the behavioral changes induced by cannabis remain unknown. Here, we report an interaction between Reelin deficiency and chronic adolescent exposure to THC, a major psychoactive component of cannabis. This interaction led to cognitive deficits, disinhibitory behaviors and altered emotional reactivity in mice, in a sex-specific manner. These experiments are the first to establish a link between Reelin signaling and the endocannabinoid system targeted by THC.

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