Non-canonical passives in Chinese

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-106
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Base Space ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Space Operations ◽  
Passive Construction ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Commit Suicide

Abstract This paper examines a non-canonical passive construction in Chinese. In this construction, the passive marker bei can proceed a constituent including intransitive verbs, adjectives and nouns, in such expressions as bei zisha/‘commit suicide,’ bei xingfu/‘happy’ or bei gaotie/‘high speed train.’ Following Mental Space Theory (Fauconnier 1994, 1997), this paper argues that the construction serves as a space builder, which prompts conceptualizers to build a counterfactual space to hold the event conveyed by the constituent but deny the event or its associated assumption in the base space. The Mental Space operations produce the interpretations of the construction featured by ambiguity and irony. This study demonstrates the existence of dedicated counterfactual constructions in Chinese. It showcases an attempt to posit cognitive operations as the constructional function and outlines a cognitively plausible procedure to derive specific interpretations of the construction in the context.

Tribological and dynamical analysis of a brake pad with multiple blocks for a high-speed train

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1788
Author(s):  
YK Wu ◽  
JL Mo ◽  
B Tang ◽  
JW Xu ◽  
B Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Brake Squeal ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Single Block ◽  
Middle Ring

In this research, the tribological and dynamical characteristics of a brake pad with multiple blocks are investigated using experimental and numerical methods. A dynamometer with a multiblock brake pad configuration on a brake disc is developed and a series of drag-type tests are conducted to study the brake squeal and wear behavior of a high-speed train brake system. Finite element analysis is performed to derive physical explanations for the observed experimental phenomena. The experimental and numerical results show that the rotational speed and braking force have important influences on the brake squeal; the trends of the multiblock and single-block systems are different. In the multiblock brake pad, the different blocks exhibit significantly different magnitudes of contact stresses and vibration accelerations. The blocks located in the inner and outer rings have higher vibration acceleration amplitudes and stronger vibration energies than the blocks located in the middle ring.

Analysis of source contribution to pass-by noise for a moving high-speed train based on microphone array measurement

Measurement ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 109058
Author(s):  
Muxiao Li ◽  
Shuoqiao Zhong ◽  
Tiesong Deng ◽  
Ziwei Zhu ◽  
Xiaozhen Sheng
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Microphone Array ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Source Contribution ◽  
Array Measurement

Iterative learning control of air pressure variation inside a high-speed train under the excitation of the tunnel pressure wave with a fixed-morphologic form

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972110327
Author(s):  
Zhiying He ◽  
Chunjun Chen ◽  
Dongwei Wang ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Jia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Learning Control ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Learning Control ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Iterative Learning ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Simulation Signal

Based on the characteristics that the tunnel pressure wave has a fixed-morphologic form when the same train passes through the same tunnel, an applicational approach based on the iterative learning control (ILC) is developed, aiming at overcoming the drawbacks of the traditional strategy for controlling the air pressure variation inside a high-speed train carriage. To achieve the goal, the control system is mathematically modelled. Then, the problem is formulated. The task of suppressing the influence of the tunnel pressure wave on the air pressure inside the carriages is shifted as an ILC problem of tracking the comfort index with varying trial length. The algorithm of refreshing the control signal from trial to trial is determined and the process of ILC control is designed. Next, the convergence of the newly-developed applicational ILC algorithm is discussed and the algorithm is simulated by the simulation signal and field-test signal. Results show that the applicational ILC algorithm be more adaptable in handling the control of the air pressure inside carriage under the excitation of varying-amplitude, varying-scale and varying-initial-states tunnel pressure wave. Meanwhile, the matching with tunnel pressure wave makes the applicational ILC algorithm will take both the riding comfort and fresh air into consideration, which upgrades the performances when the high-speed train passing through long tunnels.

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