The nominal system in Wapishana (Aruák), preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-408
Author(s):  
Helena Guerra Vicente ◽  
Luciana Sanchez-Mendes ◽  
Roberta Pires De Oliveira ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Lunguinho ◽  
Wendy Mary Leandro
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Nominal System ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Mass Nouns ◽  
Liquid Mass

Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a preliminary investigation into the nominal system of Wapishana, focusing on the count vs. mass distinction, which is grammatically encoded in this language. Evidence for this distinction can be identified in the constraints imposed by the presence of numerals, number marking, and quantifiers. Nouns such as wyn ‘water’ do not combine with numerals, whereas other words such as baydkury ‘jaguar’ do. The suffixation of the morpheme -nau/-nhau to express plurality seems to be optional and may even be blocked by the presence of numerals. The language exhibits specialized quantifiers for count, liquid, and non-liquid mass nouns.

scholarly journals Obsidian from the Bronze Age Village of San Vincenzo, Stromboli, Aeolian Islands: A Preliminary Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tiziana Levi ◽  
Diego Calliari ◽  
Marta Arzarello ◽  
Valentina Cannavò ◽  
Andrea Di Renzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aeolian Islands ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractWe present the preliminary results of the ongoing investigation of the obsidian from the Bronze Age village of San Vincenzo, Stromboli, Aeolian Islands, for the purpose of providing technological and typological characterization, and also provenance of the raw material, the latter with non-destructive p-XRF. Regarding provenance, the source of the raw material is likely to be neighbouring Lipari. It was transported to Stromboli and used mostly in a highly opportunistic manner and for the production of blade(let), non-bladelike tools (mainly scrapers) and micro bladelets. The obsidian distribution around the site shows concentration in both domestic and production areas.

A Preliminary Investigation of Caudal Fin Shape Effects on Thrust and Power of a Newly Designed Robotic Tuna

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Matta ◽  
Hodjat Pendar ◽  
Javid Bayandor
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Force ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Water Tunnel ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Hydrodynamic Efficiency ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Caudal Fin Shape ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tail Beat

Thunniform swimmers are known to travel at high speeds for long periods of time and at high hydrodynamic efficiency. Thus, there is a great deal of interest in their swimming physics. In order to better understand these physics, a newly designed robotic tuna was constructed that allows for interchangeable caudal fins. This robot was put in a water tunnel and tested at tail beat frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 Hz and at freestreams of 0, 0.2, and 0.4 m/s. A lever assembly was used to transmit thrust force to a load cell, and power was calculated using data from current sensors. Preliminary results suggest that swept caudal fins produce more thrust and are more efficient than trapezoidal fins at higher freestreams while the opposite is true at lower freestreams. However, several induction factors need to be resolved before more confident assertions can be made.

Adjustable Acoustical Performance Based on Deformable Origamic Shapes: A Preliminary Experimental Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 526-530
Author(s):  
Nurul Farhanah Muarat ◽  
Mohamed Hussein ◽  
Raja Ishak Raja Hamzah ◽  
Z.A.B. Ahmad ◽  
Maziah Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Preliminary Results

This paper describes a preliminary investigation on the possible use of deformable origamic shapes as a technique to provide adjustable acoustical performance in multi-purpose hall. The term ‘deformable’ means that the origamic shape undergoes deformation which automatically resulted into the change of its geometrical configurations. The experimental investigation has been carried out on three types of origamic shapes with several geometrical configurations. The measurement tests were conducted in a reverberation room and in accordance to ISO 354:2003 Measurement of Sound Absorption Coefficients in a Reverberation Room. Findings from the preliminary investigation show good trends indicating that the origamic shapes have the capability of adjusting the sound absorption coefficients by varying their geometrical configurations. Following those results, future works with details investigation will be undertaken as to validate the preliminary results.

Alpha Asymmetry over the Right and Left Hemispheres of Stutterers and Control Subjects Preceding Massed Oral Readings: A Preliminary Investigation

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Moore ◽  
Mary K. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Interhemispheric alpha asymmetry of both stutterers and non-stutterers measured preceding each of five massed oral readings of the same material was investigated. Preliminary results indicated a reduction of alpha over the left hemisphere for non-stutterers, while a reduction for stutterers was found for the right hemisphere. Present results, together with other investigations using dichotic, tachistoscopic, and EEG procedures, suggest right hemispheric processing for the stuttering group as compared with left hemispheric processing for the non-stuttering group.

A 100 Motor Study: Investigating Pre-EPA Motors as a Subset of the Industrial Motor Population for Its Effects on the Economic of Motor Replacement, Preliminary Results

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Kaufman ◽  
Daniel Welch ◽  
Richard R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
Motor Efficiency ◽  
The Difference

In the absence of hard data, the engineering world tends to be overly conservative in estimating benefits of change. The hypothesis herein discussed is that with hard data, the economics of motor repair/replace decisions could change significantly. If true, this could appreciably boost the efficiency of the industrial motor population by affecting the penetration of high-efficiency motors, such as NEMA Premiums. The energy savings from motor replacement depend on the difference between the efficiency of the new motor and the old motor. There has been a great deal of work investigating new motor efficiency and very little work investigating the actual running efficiency of older motors in the field. Motors that have operated for years experiencing failures and repairs may operate below their original nameplate or assumed efficiency. This study is a preliminary investigation of the efficiency of motors in industrial settings with the purpose of updating currently available motor analysis software tools to more accurately reflect the economic benefits of utilizing high-efficiency industrial induction motors.

scholarly journals Wave- length standards in the first spectrum of krypton

1936 ◽  
Vol 236 (758) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Great Intensity ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Time Required

A preliminary investigation of the first spectrum of Krypton was made by the author in 1931 and 1932,* to investigate the suitability of its lines for providing wave-length standards of the highest accuracy. The ten strongest lines in the violet were measured interferometrically, and these preliminary results indicated that the spectrum of krypton was eminently suited to give a system of standard wavelengths. The lines are extremely sharp, easily reproducible, and their distribution is such that it is possible to evaluate the thickness of an etalon without ambiguity, even when the roughly estimated thickness may be in error by several hundred waves. The spectrum has the advantage that the brightest lines are in the violet part of the spectrum, which eliminates the necessity of using panchromatic plates for photographing them, and they are of such great intensity that their photography takes only about one-tenth of the time required for the primary standard.

Number and the Mass–Count Distinction

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-64
Author(s):  
Alan Bale
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Mass Nouns ◽  
Count Nouns ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plural Marking ◽  
Syntactic Properties

This chapter reviews the connections between number marking (specifically, singular and plural marking) and the mass–count distinction. It explores how different semantic theories of number marking interact with various ontological theories of the mass–count distinction. It also discusses a growing tension within the mass–count literature. On one hand, there are many semantic and syntactic similarities between mass nouns and plurals, which suggests that the two subcategories might have many features in common. On the other hand, verbal, auxiliary, and determiner agreement patterns suggest that mass nouns share certain syntactic properties with singular count nouns. Yet, singular count nouns and plural count nouns hardly share any properties in common, both in terms of their syntactic distribution and their semantic implications. The chapter discusses two potential resolutions to this growing tension.

scholarly journals Gender and Number Marking in Amazigh Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
ABDELAAZIZ BOUSSAYER
Keyword(s):  
Large Majority ◽  
Plural Noun ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Mass Nouns ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
Amazigh Language

This article studies the derivational system of gender and number in Ait Atta variety of Amazigh language. Thus, the following claims are made: first, gender is overtly marked on feminine nouns by the prefixation of the gender morpheme t-. The paper argues that [t…t] is not a circumfix or a discontinuous morpheme, but it is an asymmetric inflection. In the derivational system of gender, large majority of nouns allow for gender opposition. However, mass nouns allow only for one lexically determined gender and number. Moreover, masculine has no overt realization in Amazigh language. Vocalic initial nouns fall into the category of masculine nouns. I argue that the initial vowel is a nominal marker. I submit that the noun, in general, consists of maximally three main parts: a prefix, a lexical base, and a suffix. Second, the majority of Berber noun stems involve, at least, one vowel in addition to the prefixal vowel (e.g. ‘a-ḍar’ foot, ‘a-funas’ bull, 'a-ɣrum’ bread). Third, when the plural noun is specified as [+feminine], it takes the gender morpheme t-. Fourth, number takes the form of a feature assigned lexically to the noun. The study provides a templatic analysis to account for internal noun change. It implements Lahrouchi and Ridouane (2016) analysis of diminutives and plurals in Moroccan Arabic and argues that sound plurals in Amazigh language are associated with standard Num projection, while id/istt-plurals are associated with lower in the structure with n projection.

On the semantic properties of mass and count nouns in Guajajára (Tenetehára)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-381
Author(s):  
Pilar Chamorro ◽  
Fábio Bonfim Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Number Marking ◽  
Mass Nouns ◽  
Count Nouns ◽  
Units Of Measurement ◽  
Classifier Languages ◽  
Semantic Properties

Abstract In this paper we show that Guajajára has grammaticalized the distinction between mass and count nouns, but that the coding of this distinction is different from the systems of coding in classifier languages, number-marking languages, and number-neutral languages (Chierchia 1998a, 1998b, 2010; Wilhelm 2008). As a result, we conclude that Guajajára presents a challenge to the tripartite classification of languages proposed in Chierchia’s work, since Guajajára number marking is non-inflectional and optional when plural is already expressed by other quantificational expressions. Furthermore, in Guajajára notional mass nouns can pluralize and directly combine with numerals without the mediation of container or measure constructions in contexts where conventional and non-conventional container and units of measurement are implied. This last observation suggests that coercion is not a mechanism that operates in this language.

Auditory Discrimination Deficits in Boys Who Stutter: A Preliminary Investigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Lisa R. LaSalle ◽  
Rachel D. Duginske
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Differential Screening ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Basic Level

Abstract Our purpose was to examine the basic level of auditory processing skills in school-age children who stutter. We administered three auditory processing tasks—dichotic digits, temporal patterning, and auditory discrimination—from the Differential Screening Test for Processing (Richard & Ferre, 2006). Five 6- to 9-year-old boys who stutter were age-matched to five boys who do not stutter. Children who stutter showed significantly poorer performance on the auditory discrimination subtest. These preliminary results suggest that, for a subgroup of children who stutter, auditory discrimination difficulties may exacerbate stuttering and thus be a factor worth considering in clinical intervention.

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