Associated motion, direction and (exchoative) aspect in Ethiopian Komo

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-787
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Otero
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Motion Function ◽  
Motion Event

Abstract Komo (Koman) of Ethiopia has an obligatory paradigm of deictic directional (dd) verb morphology that, among its functions, indicates direction of motion relative to a deictic reference point, associated motion and grammatical aspect when collocated with verb roots of different semantic classes. The semantic components of a motion event underlie the Komo dd system and the grammatical aspect of a predicate can be directly mapped to the bounded/unbounded path profile. The Associated Motion function contains a bounded path which entails arrival at or departure from a reference point and, as a result, imparts aspectual telicity to the predicate. The Direction function by contrast, contains an unbounded path that expresses motion towards a reference point and does not impart aspectual telicity. Further, some morphemes express exchoativity, or the ‘exiting’ of a state, a rare if unattested grammatical category.

scholarly journals Translation of Ukrainian Scientific Literature on Computer Technology into English: Grammatical Aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (26) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Anatolii Naumenko ◽  
Natalia Zhmaieva ◽  
Vira Kiosse
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Word Translation

The article deals with the specifics of rendering grammatical peculiarities of Ukrainian scientific literature into English. The results of the paper discover that changes in the structure of the translated variant in comparison to the source language are made according to the norms of the target language. The most frequent transformations are substitution of grammatical category and sentence structure, transpositions. Less frequent transformations are word-for-word translation, partioning and integration of sentences.

scholarly journals Aspectuality in Welsh

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (11 Zeszyt specjalny) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Sabine Asmus
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Linking Elements

When discussing aspectuality, a distinction is normally made between grammatical and lexical aspect. Both are linked, to varying degrees, to the category of tense. The existence of grammatical aspect in a language is normally accepted if it is fully expressed in a grammatical category, preferably a verbal one, as seems to be prototypically encoded in some Slavic languages. Questions concerning aspect have been posed for Welsh, since perfectivity could be expressed by the verbal particle ro- in its older stages. However, Modern Welsh differentiates synthetically between six tenses for the verb bod ‘to be’ and four for all of the others (save defective verbs) in the Indicative, the category looked at here. It is little surprising, therefore, that the aspect dichotomy of perfectivity vs. imperfectivity is not expressed morphologically. However, based on field work, it has been established that issues of aspectuality in Welsh are typically expressed by employing its periphrastic VSO structure, i.e. verb–noun constructions with linking elements of varying synsemantica between the finite VS- and the “O-phrase” (complement).

Language and thought in a multilingual context: The case of isiXhosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMANUEL BYLUND ◽  
PANOS ATHANASOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Event Cognition ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Motion Event

Situated within the grammatical aspect approach to motion event cognition, this study takes a first step in investigating language and thought in functional multilinguals by studying L1 isiXhosa speakers living in South Africa. IsiXhosa being a non-aspect language, the study investigates how the knowledge and use of additional languages with grammatical aspect influence cognition of endpoint-oriented motion events among L1 isiXhosa speakers. Results from a triads-matching task show that participants who often used aspect languages and had greater exposure to English in primary education were less prone to rely on endpoints when categorising motion events.

scholarly journals Motion event cognition and grammatical aspect: Evidence from Afrikaans

Linguistics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Bylund ◽  
Panos Athanasopoulos ◽  
Marcelyn Oostendorp
Keyword(s):  
Event Cognition ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Motion Event

Grammatical and cognitive factors shaping the conceptualization of motion events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Zaychenko
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Event Construal ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Motion event construal gives insight into the nature of the linguistic and conceptual representations underlying the encoding of events. Studies show that event descriptions differ cross-linguistically due to, amongst other factors, the absence or presence of grammatical aspect. While speakers of aspect languages generally focus on the process, speakers of non-aspect languages tend to perceive the event holistically and focus on endpoints. This investigation examines visual endpoint salience as a further factor that shapes event encoding. Thus, in this model, grammatical aspect is seen as a part of a more complex system of factors that determine event construal. The analyses, which cover German speakers, English speakers, and German-speaking learners of English, involve linguistic production data and results from memory performance tests. The findings show that the focus on endpoints increases for salient stimuli. While German speakers and learners of English show a tendency to focus on endpoints, a clear preference for focusing on the process can be observed in English speakers. Verbalizing endpoints correlates with the ability to remember them in a memorization task. The implications of these outcomes are discussed in the context of two factors which shape event encoding: grammatical aspect and endpoint salience.

Cognitive Reflection Effects on Time Discounting

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek ◽  
Przemysław Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
The Way

Abstract. In this work, we investigated individual differences in cognitive reflection effects on delay discounting – a preference for smaller sooner over larger later payoff. People are claimed to prefer more these alternatives they considered first – so-called reference point – over the alternatives they considered later. Cognitive reflection affects the way individuals process information, with less reflective individuals relying predominantly on the first information they consider, thus, being more susceptible to reference points as compared to more reflective individuals. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that individuals who scored high on the Cognitive Reflection Test discount less strongly than less reflective individuals, but we also show that such individuals are less susceptible to imposed reference points. Experiment 2 replicated these findings additionally providing evidence that cognitive reflection predicts discounting strength and (in)dependency to reference points over and above individual difference in numeracy.

Comparison-Induced Evaluations Around a Reference Point

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber N. Bloomfield ◽  
Jessica M. Choplin
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point
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