Differences in body composition between affected and nonaffected sides in cerebral palsy football athletes: Preliminary findings (Diferencias en la composición corporal entre los lados afectados y no afectados em atletas de fútbol con parálisis cerebral:

To verify the symmetry of body composition distribution in cerebral palsy (CP) football players with hemiparesis, was carried out a cross-sectional study with17 football-7-a-side players with CP and hemiparesis, level I according to the Gross Motion Function Classification System and as class 7 according to the International Federation of CP Football. The body composition was evaluated, on both affected and nonaffected sides, by anthropometry and bioimpedance. As a result, fat free mass weight, limb girths and limb muscular areas were significantly higher on nonaffected side. In addition, fat mass weight, limb skinfolds and lower limb fat areas were significantly lower on nonaffected side, but the arm fat area are similar on both sides. These findings suggested that physical requirements of training and competitions of 7-a-side-football allows the muscular development in the non-affected side, however, they are not enough for the muscular development in the affected side to reach a similar development to the non-affected side. Resumen: Para verificar la simetría de la distribución de la composición corporal en jugadores de fútbol con parálisis cerebral (PC) y hemiparesia, se realizó un estudio transversal con 17 jugadores de fútbol 7 con PC y hemiparesia, nivel I según el Gross Motion Function Classification System, y como clase 7 según la International Federation of CP Football. La composición corporal se evaluó, tanto en el lado afectado como en el no afectado, mediante antropometría y bioimpedancia. Como resultado, el peso de la masa libre de grasa, la circunferencia de las extremidades y las áreas musculares de las extremidades fueron significativamente mayores en el lado no afectado. Además, el peso de la masa grasa, los pliegues cutáneos de las extremidades y las áreas de grasa de las extremidades inferiores fueron significativamente menores en el lado no afectado, pero el área de grasa del brazo es similar en ambos lados. Estos resultados sugirieron que los requisitos físicos del entrenamiento y las competiciones de fútbol 7 permiten el desarrollo muscular en el lado no afectado, sin embargo, no son suficientes para que el desarrollo muscular del lado afectado alcance un desarrollo similar al del lado no afectado.

ANALYSIS OF ULTRASOUND IMAGE BIOLOGICAL IMAGE ALGORITHM IN THE RESTORATION OF MUSCLE GROUP MOVEMENT FUNCTION

ABSTRACT Objective: By studying the recognition effect of ultrasonic biological image data analysis on muscle group motion function, the evaluation value and significance of ultrasonic biomedical image combination algorithm on muscle group motion function are discussed. Methods: A Gabor filtering algorithm is proposed to smooth the original image. The MVEF algorithm is used to enhance the ultrasonic image and binary further the image again. Using the principle of the Hove transform, the thickness of the muscle is automatically estimated. Results: The square of correlation coefficients of the manual measurement method, Gabor filtering algorithm and MVEF algorithm are 91.3%, 91.3% and 87.8%, respectively. The difference between the manual measurement and the estimation based on the Gabor filtering algorithm is 1.45 ± 0.48mm. The difference between the results of manual measurement and the MVEF algorithm is 1.38 ± 0.56mm. The computation time of the MVEF algorithm and Gabor algorithm are 5 seconds and 0.3 seconds, respectively. Conclusions: The algorithm proposed in this study can effectively measure the muscle thickness, fast, convenient and accurate, and can reflect the contractility of skeletal muscle well, which is of great value for the recognition and evaluation of muscle group movement function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

On Fast Jerk–, Acceleration– and Velocity–Restricted Motion Functions for Online Trajectory Generation

Finding fast motion functions to get from an initial state (distance, velocity, acceleration) to a final one has been of interest for decades. For a solution to be practically relevant, restrictions on jerk, acceleration and velocity have to be taken into account. Such solutions use optimization algorithms or try to directly construct a motion function allowing online trajectory generation. In this contribution, we follow the latter strategy and present an approach which first deals with the situation where initial and final accelerations are 0, and then relates the general case as much as possible to this situation. This leads to a classification with just four major cases. A continuity argument guarantees full coverage of all situations which is not the case or is not clear for other available algorithms. We present several examples that show the variety of different situations and, thus, the complexity of the task. We also describe an implementation in MATLAB® and results from a huge number of test runs regarding accuracy and efficiency, thus demonstrating that the algorithm is suitable for online trajectory generation.

The emergence of complex action as an outcome of the availability of coding means

Studies of Australian and Amazonian languages have demonstrated the existence of an associated motion function. Chapter 11 demonstrates that associated motion is just one of the possible outcomes of the emergence of new functions. The associated action may involve activities other than motion. This associated activity is called here ‘compositional action’. This function emerged as a result of the presence of the rich system of verbal inflectional markers coding directionality and spatial orientation in the languages considered. The importance of this chapter is that it demonstrates that a rich inflectional coding on a lexical category - in this case the verb - allows for the emergence of a new type of function and not merely provides a new locus of coding. The implications of this conclusion, which supports previous studies of Australian, Amazonian, and Slavic languages, is that it calls for a new typology of functions.

Early functional mobilization for non-operative treatment of simple elbow dislocations: a systematic review

Purpose This systematic review aims to elucidate a non-operative rehabilitation program that optimizes recovery based on published approaches and outcomes. Methods Searches of four databases from inception to 1 January 2020 were performed to identify clinical studies addressing the non-operative management of simple elbow dislocations. Results Of 2435 studies that were eligible for title screen, 15 studies satisfied inclusion criteria. Three randomized control studies demonstrated that early mobilization expedited the return of range of motion, function and return to work or activities, however, resulted in increased pain within the six-week rehabilitation period compared to Plaster of Paris casting for 21 days. Patients returned to work sooner after early mobilization (10 vs. 18 days; p = 0.02) compared to Plaster of Paris casting. In all studies, early mobilization resulted in similar re-dislocation rates of 1.3% (3/237) versus 2.2% (12/549) in those with Plaster of Paris casting as well as lower incidence of heterotopic ossification (36% vs. 54%). No significant differences between rehabilitation protocols were determined; however, the large majority of recent papers utilized rehabilitation protocols. Conclusion Early mobilization of simple elbow dislocations results in early return of Range-of-Motion, function and return to work with no increase in complication rates; however, increased pain during the rehabilitation period.

Associated motion, direction and (exchoative) aspect in Ethiopian Komo

Komo (Koman) of Ethiopia has an obligatory paradigm of deictic directional (dd) verb morphology that, among its functions, indicates direction of motion relative to a deictic reference point, associated motion and grammatical aspect when collocated with verb roots of different semantic classes. The semantic components of a motion event underlie the Komo dd system and the grammatical aspect of a predicate can be directly mapped to the bounded/unbounded path profile. The Associated Motion function contains a bounded path which entails arrival at or departure from a reference point and, as a result, imparts aspectual telicity to the predicate. The Direction function by contrast, contains an unbounded path that expresses motion towards a reference point and does not impart aspectual telicity. Further, some morphemes express exchoativity, or the ‘exiting’ of a state, a rare if unattested grammatical category.