scholarly journals Aspectuality in Welsh

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (11 Zeszyt specjalny) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Sabine Asmus
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Linking Elements

When discussing aspectuality, a distinction is normally made between grammatical and lexical aspect. Both are linked, to varying degrees, to the category of tense. The existence of grammatical aspect in a language is normally accepted if it is fully expressed in a grammatical category, preferably a verbal one, as seems to be prototypically encoded in some Slavic languages. Questions concerning aspect have been posed for Welsh, since perfectivity could be expressed by the verbal particle ro- in its older stages. However, Modern Welsh differentiates synthetically between six tenses for the verb bod ‘to be’ and four for all of the others (save defective verbs) in the Indicative, the category looked at here. It is little surprising, therefore, that the aspect dichotomy of perfectivity vs. imperfectivity is not expressed morphologically. However, based on field work, it has been established that issues of aspectuality in Welsh are typically expressed by employing its periphrastic VSO structure, i.e. verb–noun constructions with linking elements of varying synsemantica between the finite VS- and the “O-phrase” (complement).

scholarly journals Einige Fragen der Aktionsart- und Aspektfunktion im Sprachvergleich

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Michail L. Kotin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Grammatical Form ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Viewpoint Aspect ◽  
The One

The contribution deals with selected questions of the interaction between the so called “lexical aspect” (the opposition between telicity and atelicity) and the grammatical aspect (or so called “viewpoint”- aspect, i.e. the opposition between perfectivity and imperfectivity) in the languages with and without the overtly encoded aspect. The striking point of the analysis is the “complexive” meaning of aspectual forms and constructions involving lexical atelicity by indicating durativity or iterativity, on the one hand, and grammatical perfectivity by indicating the complexive perspective of the verbal action on the other. This type of aspectuality was a special feature of verbal systems with the aorist category. My claim is, thus, that the contemporary English has a special grammatical form of the “complexive aorist”, i.e. the form of Present Perfect Progressive. The Slavic languages encode this function by using the – unmarked – imperfective forms of the verbs, whereas German uses special means of encoding the very same function on the whole-clause level, such as adverbials or definite vs. indefinite or zero article.

The Mandarin LVS construction: Verb lexical semantics and grammatical aspect

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Zhuo Jing-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Grammatical Aspect

AbstractTwo empirical studies – a verb elicitation experiment and a collostructional analysis – were conducted to investigate the Mandarin LVS construction with respect to the lexical semantics of the verb and its collocation with grammatical aspect. Converging evidence from both studies indicates strong schematicity and productivity in the verb category of the LVS construction. Although most exemplars fall into a few major lexical semantic clusters, there are more low-frequency marginal exemplars than previously recognized, reinforcing the constructional schema in an essentially radial category. In addition to the lexical semantic regularity of the verb slot, both studies showed the existence of high-frequency tokens with prototype status. As far as grammatical aspect is concerned, the converging evidence indicates that the LVS category is compatible not only with the durative aspect, but also with the perfective as well as the resultative and directional lexical aspect. The attraction of grammatical aspect to the verb of LVS is graded rather than absolute, with some mutual selection patterns more typical than others. The two grammatical aspects as marked by the durative -zhe and the perfective -le are non-interchangeable.

scholarly journals Aspetto verbale e referenza nominale

2016 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Lucyna Gebert
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Verbal Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Restrictive Relative Clauses ◽  
Nominal Arguments ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

The paper attempts to examine the relation between the verbal aspect in the Slavic languages and the referential status of nominal arguments of the predicate. As is well known, Slavic languages (except Bulgarian and Macedonian) have not developed articles as a grammatical category. It is suggested that in addition to the well-known means of conveying referential information in these articleless languages – such as word order, use of demonstrative/indefinite pronouns, restrictive relative clauses, case alternations and prosody – the verbal aspect also should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Translation of Ukrainian Scientific Literature on Computer Technology into English: Grammatical Aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (26) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Anatolii Naumenko ◽  
Natalia Zhmaieva ◽  
Vira Kiosse
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Word Translation

The article deals with the specifics of rendering grammatical peculiarities of Ukrainian scientific literature into English. The results of the paper discover that changes in the structure of the translated variant in comparison to the source language are made according to the norms of the target language. The most frequent transformations are substitution of grammatical category and sentence structure, transpositions. Less frequent transformations are word-for-word translation, partioning and integration of sentences.

scholarly journals Sobre la llamada oposición aspectual entre «he cantado» y «canté» en el español de América

2020 ◽  
Vol LXXVI (76) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
Witold Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
American Variety ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Latin American Spanish ◽  
American Spanish

On the so-called aspectual opposition between «he cantado» and «canté» in Latin American Spanish. According to the majority of linguists, the opposition between the forms «he cantado» and «canté» in the American variety of Spanish is related to aspect, which may raise doubts if it is assumed that aspect is a grammatical category typical of Slavic languages and absent in Romance languages. Based on this assumption and on a precise distinction between aspect and Aktionsart, the author attempts to prove that aspect did not exist in Latin, nor does it exist in contemporary Spanish. Therefore the claim that the tenses antepresente («he cantado») and pretérito («canté») are carriers of aspectual features is hard to accept. Keywords: aspect, Aktionsart, Spanish tense system, expressing the past O tak zwanej opozycji aspektowej pomiędzy «he cantado» a «canté» w hiszpańskim w Ameryce. Streszczenie: Według większości lingwistów opozycja pomiędzy formami «he cantado» a «canté» w amerykańskiej odmianie języka hiszpańskiego ma charakter aspektowy, co może wzbudzać wątpliwości, jeśli uzna się aspekt za kategorię gramatyczną typową dla języków słowiańskich i nieobecną w językach romańskich. W oparciu o to założenie oraz precyzyjne rozróżnienie pomiędzy aspektem a Aktionsartem autor próbuje udowodnić, że aspekt nie istniał ani w łacinie, ani nie istnieje we współczesnym języku hiszpańskim i w związku z tym trudne do zaakceptowania wydaje się stwierdzenie, że czasy antepresente («he cantado ») i pretérito («canté») są nośnikami treści aspektowych. Słowa klucze: aspekt, Aktionsart, hiszpański system czasowy, wyrażanie przeszłości

From rule-based explicit instruction to explicit knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Kissling
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
University Level ◽  
The Difference

This pilot study investigated university-level intermediate Spanish learners’ (n=16) explicit knowledge about a contrast in grammatical aspect (preterite/imperfect) after they received rule-based explicit instruction. Prior studies have found that learners’ explicit knowledge about preterite and imperfect includes partially understood rules, which can have long-lasting effects on their performance, so it is important to investigate the disconnect between what is taught and what is learned. Learners completed a cloze test and then introspected about their performance. The data were analysed qualitatively and compared to verbalisations of L1 Spanish speakers (n=6). Four main themes emerged: learners failed to learn the concept of grammatical aspect, they demonstrated confusion about lexical aspect, they attributed the difference between preterite and imperfect to a binary system of lexical aspect feature complexes based on duration of the verb/predicate, and they relied on self-developed categorical rules about adverbial markers. Suggestions for modifications to the conventional pedagogical rules are offered.

The role of verbal prefixes and particles in aspectual composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Fleischhauer ◽  
Adrian Czardybon
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Verbal Prefix

In this paper we provide an analysis of the function of Polish verbal prefixes and German verbal particles in aspectual composition of incremental theme predicates (ITP) such as eat and drink. Incremental theme verbs (e.g. eat, drink) are well known for the fact that the referential properties of the incremental theme arguments (ITA) affect the telicity of the whole predication. In the Slavic languages, only prefixed incremental theme verbs result in a telic predication. Since in many cases prefixed verbs are perfective, it is often assumed that telicity results from perfectivity. We argue that grammatical aspect is not necessary for achieving a telic ITP, since there are perfective ITPs that do not result in a telic predication. Rather (a)telicity is dependent on the semantic content of the verbal prefix.

scholarly journals LAGU “PERFECT” OLEH ED SHEERAN DAN “MARRY YOU” OLEH BRUNO MARS DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANALISIS WACANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evy Tri Widyahening ◽  
Imroatul Ma’fiah
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Song Lyrics

Oral and written discourse have a textual function that contains of ideas which expressed by participants. Through discourse, community members also have the opportunity to establish communication and relationships and can interact socially and cooperate. This discourse for communication also has a close relationship with one's ability to master the four language skills. Because by mastering the four language skills and knowing the function of language, a person will easily use both oral and written discourse to communicate and interact socially. Song lyrics are one example of written discourse that generally uses beautiful and figurative language. The lyrics of the song 'Perfect' sung by Ed Sheeran and 'Marry You' sung by Bruno Mars are lyrics which also use beautiful, melancholy, sentimental, and romantic language to attract young music lovers. The lyrics of the song are one example of how written discourse can be used to communicate using seductive language with musical accompaniment and can be used as a tool to form social interactions on social media such as: facebook, twitter, radio, and television. The lyrics of the song are analyzed the content of the discourse and examined from the perspective of the songwriter's intentions, goals, and thoughts; The context and inference aspects contained in both song lyrics; Grammatical and lexical aspects to see the song's cohesion and coherence. The results of discourse analysis on grammatical and lexical aspects provide a coherent and beautiful picture of the song 'Perfect' and 'Marry You'. From the grammatical aspect, it can be seen that the reference types of the first person singular (I, speaker) and second persona reference (You, speech partner) in the two lyrics are very dominant. The lexical aspect is not very often found in the song's poetic discourse but there are full repetitions in several lines (in chorus) that show the characteristics of the two lyrics of the songs. That part is the main emphasis on the meaning and intent that the songwriters wish to convey so that the listeners of the songs are able to understand their hearts.Key Words: Oral and Written Discourse, Song Lyrics, Context and Inference Aspects, Grammatical and Lexical Aspect

scholarly journals Perfetto e ‘rilevanza nel presente’ nelle lingue slave settentrionali: russo e polacco

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Gebert
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Slavic Languages

Current relevance is recognised cross-linguistically as a prototypical value of the perfect that does not exist as a grammatical category in Northern Slavic languages such as Polish and Russian. The ancient Slavic perfect tense developed into a general past in these languages, therefore the current relevance is made today by possessive resultative constructions that are grammaticalized only in Northern Russian dialects. The present paper investigates also other means of conveying the current relevance value in Polish and Russian: perfectives of telic verbs and delimitatives of atelic verbs if used under focus in spoken language, as well as locative constructions with the meaning of ‘being after the event’.

scholarly journals Learning aspect in Italian as additional language. The role of second languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Vallerossa ◽  
Anna Gudmundson ◽  
Anna Bergström ◽  
Camilla Bardel
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Romance Language ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Differential Learning

Abstract The study examines the role played by English and Romance languages (L2s) when learning grammatical aspect in Italian as additional language (Ln). Swedish university students of Italian (n = 34), divided according to knowledge of a Romance L2 and English aspectual knowledge, completed an interpretation task of aspectual contrast in Italian. Eight native speakers served as a control group. The findings showed that knowledge of a Romance language as L2 and high English aspectual knowledge exerted a differential influence on learning aspect in Italian. This outcome is discussed in the light of a consistent form-meaning relationship between the L2s and Italian. Yet, with a mismatch between grammatical and lexical aspect, the learners’ judgments differed from the native speakers’ judgments. Thus, our findings also support the idea of the existence of differential learning paths sustained by the L2s when learning complex aspectual configurations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document