Imagined spectators

Target ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Television Production ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Home Entertainment ◽  
Automated Translation ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract This article considers theoretical and methodological questions of language and translation policy in the dissemination of audiovisual products across languages. This is an area where scholarly research is inevitably playing catch-up with rapid change both in the language industries and in film and television production. For example, we have a general sense of ‘dubbing territories’ and ‘subtitling territories’ but in reality the picture is more complex. Norms changed in the course of the home entertainment revolution, with the arrival of the DVD format in the late 1990s ostensibly increasing viewer choice and flexibility of translation provision. The relocation of much audiovisual material to an online environment has also generated fundamental changes in the way that works circulate, with volunteer translators and automated translation processes playing a larger role. Policy developments in access translation have meant that there have also been great changes relatively recently in the availability of SDH subtitling, audio description and other modes of access translation. This is a very broad field which raises many compelling research questions. At the same time, its very breadth does not lend itself to a comprehensive overview. The article will therefore aim to provide an orientation to, rather than a summary of, the theoretical and methodological challenges of research on this topic.

Do State Corporate Tax Incentives Create Jobs? Quasi-experimental Evidence from the Entertainment Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thom
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
The United States ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Television Production ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Policy makers allocate billions of dollars each year to tax incentives that increasingly favor creative industries. This study scrutinizes that approach by examining motion picture incentive programs used in over thirty states to encourage film and television production. It uses a quasi-experimental strategy to determine whether those programs have contributed to employment growth. Results mostly show no statistically significant effects. Results also indicate that domestic employment is unaffected by competing incentives offered outside the United States. These findings are robust to several alternative models and should lead policy makers to question the wisdom of targeted incentives conferred on creative industries.

scholarly journals Gay the right way? Roles and routines of Irish media production among gay and lesbian workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O’Brien ◽  
Páraic Kerrigan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Television Production ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Irish Film ◽  
The Right

This article explores how gay and lesbian identities are incorporated, or not, into the roles and routines of Irish film and television production. Data were gathered in 2018–2019 through semi-structured interviews with a purposive, snowball sample of 10 people who work in the Irish industries. The key findings are that for gay and lesbian workers their minority sexual identity impacts on the roles that they are likely to be included and excluded from. Sexuality also affects their promotion prospects and their career progression. Similarly, in terms of routines of production, gay and lesbian workers are associated with certain genres, based on stereotypical assumptions about their sexual identities by their hetero-managers and colleagues. In short, Irish gay and lesbian media workers articulated an overarching tension between the heteronormativity of the industry and the queerness of the gay and lesbian media worker. Some workers respond to that tension by adopting a homonormative approach to work while others attempt to forge a queer way of producing.

Nordic production studies at the edge of the 2020s

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Novrup Redvall
Keyword(s):  
Audience Studies ◽  
Television Production ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Current Trends

This article outlines the main developments in Nordic film and television production studies in the 2000s, focusing on recent publications as well as the value of research collaborations, centres and conferences. The article also highlights current trends such as an ongoing interest in creating stronger connections between production and audience studies.

scholarly journals Online Machine Translation: The Students’ Perspective during Quarantine Period Learning Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Ratih Laily Nurjanah ◽  
Deswandito Dwi Saptanto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Automated Translation ◽  
Translation Study ◽  
Research Questions

The role of internet nowadays leads to the increase of online translation usage. The online translation offers various kinds of machine translation besides the-popular- Google Translate. The purpose of this research is to determine the students’ perspective on online machine translation they can easily found on internet related to the learning process on translation study during the quarantine period.. The research questions are; 1) What are the good sides of using online machine translation? 2)What are the shortages of using online machine translation? 3)How does online machine translation help students during learning activities on quarantine period? Online machine translation is automated translation or “translation carried out by a computer” with the internet connection. The subjects of this study were 6th semester students at English Literature Department of Universitas Ngudi Waluyo who had taken subjects related to translation. The research was conducted by delivering survey with google form to gather students’ perspectives. From the results, it is concluded that students were familiar with Google Translation as the online machine translation. Students stated that online machine translation often gives ambiguous translation. The use of online machine translation is helpful especially in terms of saving time. In conclusion, to keep up with the development of digital era, students need to be introduced to various online machine translation to help them work faster and keep improving their translation skill to back up the defects of online machines translation.

scholarly journals The ontogeny of the embryonic, foetal and infant human umwelt

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 281-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Tønnessen
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Early Human

This article, which envelops a case study and development of umwelt theory, addresses four research questions: At what point does the human umwelt emerge? What umwelt transitions can be identified in the ontogenesis of the early human umwelt? What is characteristic of the umwelt trajectory of human embryos/ foetuses/infants? How are umwelt objects established/crystallized/fixated in the human umwelt?The early human umwelt is characterized by rapid change, radical transformations, and gradual establishment of the first and most basic umwelt objects by way of exploration and learning. While the human umwelt arguably emerges already at the embryonic stage, the sense-saturated umwelt emerges at the foetal stage. Unlike an adult human’s umwelt, but like other altricial umwelten, the umwelt of the human foetus and infant is not fully functional from the perspective of the organism itself. In other words, their basic functioning directly depends on others. Our human sociality is further stimulated by shared undertakings early on in our terrestrial lives which effectively make us part of some specific social system.

scholarly journals Motion Capture Based on Intelligent Sensor in Snow and Ice Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qing Nian ◽  
Junyi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Television Production ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Snow Sports

With the development of motion capture technology, it has become a reality to efficiently and quickly obtain realistic human motion information. Motion capture technology has been successfully applied in many fields such as sports competitions, animation games, and film and television production. This article is aimed at studying the application of motion capture technology based on smart sensors in ice and snow sports. Put forward the idea of applying smart sensor-based motion capture technology to ice and snow sports. This article introduces in detail smart sensors, motion capture technology, and related content of ice and snow sports and conducts specific experiments on the application of smart sensor-based motion capture technology in ice and snow sports. The experimental results show that motion capture based on smart sensor technology can help athletes improve their skills and tactics. At the same time, motion capture technology based on smart sensors is also loved by most coaches and athletes, and everyone’s satisfaction with this technology has reached more than 70%.

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