Biological characteristics of the mirids Macrolophus costalis and Macrolophus pygmaeus preying on the tobacco form of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Margaritopoulos ◽  
J.A. Tsitsipis ◽  
D.C. Perdikis
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Predatory Bugs ◽  
Aphid Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tobacco Aphid

AbstractBiological and population parameters of the predatory bugs Macrolophus costalis Fieber and Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur preying on the tobacco aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were examined. Tobacco was used as host plant and all experiments were carried out at 23°C and L16:D8. In M. costalis, the developmental time for eggs and the total duration of nymphal instars was 13.1 and 22.2 days and in M. pygmaeus 13.0 and 20.2 days, respectively. Both species completed their nymphal development feeding only on plant juices although they required significantly more time to attain adulthood than when feeding on prey. The longevity of M. costalis females and the preoviposition period were 49.9 and 5.6 days and those of M. pygmaeus were 50.3 and 6.3 days, respectively. Adult males showed a higher longevity than females in both species. The intrinsic rate of increase and the mean total number of eggs laid were 0.0644 and 121 in M. costalis and 0.0615 and 104 in M. pygmaeus, respectively. Mean total aphid consumption by nymphs of M. costalis was 61 aphids, about twice that of M. pygmaeus (37 aphids). Total aphid consumption by a male and female pair of M. costalis and M. pygmaeus until the death of the female was 244 and 285 aphids, respectively. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the impact of the two predatory bugs on tobacco aphid populations.

scholarly journals Host-Plant Variations Affect the Biotic Potential, Survival, and Population Projection of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir Ali ◽  
Tayyaba Naseem ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Ijaz Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous insect pest is a major threat to a wide range of crops worldwide. Aiming to evaluate the life history traits of M. persicae, feeding on different host plants, we used five vegetables: cabbage, Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae); chinese cabbage, B. rapa (Brassicaceae); chili pepper, Capsicum annum (Solanaceae); crown daisy, Chrysanthemum coronarium (Asteraceae); and eggplant, Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis about the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The highest fecundity (69.65 individuals) rate of M. persicae, intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.425 d−1), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.531 d−1), net reproductive rate (R0 = 69.65 offspring), and shortest mean generation time (T = 9.964 d) were recorded on the chili pepper plant. Whereas, lower fitness occurred on cabbage. The findings attained from population growth parameters indicate that chili pepper is the most susceptible plant, while cabbage is resistant to aphids. Population projection results also supported this statement, as the final total population size on cabbage was significantly lower than other plants. The reported information would be useful for devising integrated pest management programs, particularly those involving M. persicae. This information also suggests the adaptability of M. persicae causing economic damage to these vegetable cultivars.

Effects of Temperature on the Development and Fecundity of Atractomorpha Sinensis (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2530-2539
Author(s):  
Wen-bo Li ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Juan Cui ◽  
Shu-Sen Shi
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Over the recent years, Atractomorpha sinensis I. Bolivar, has emerged as an important agricultural pest in China. However, the biological characteristics of A. sinensis remain largely unknown, which can hinder the prediction of its population dynamics. Thus, understanding the impact of temperature on the developmental period of A. sinensis is crucial to predict its population dynamics. The biological characteristics of A. sinensis were systematically observed at five different temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28, and 32°C) using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. The results demonstrated that the developmental period, preadult time, adult longevity, adult preoviposition period, and total preoviposition period were significantly reduced when the temperature was elevated from 16 to 32°C. The developmental threshold temperatures of egg, nymph, preoviposition period, female adult, male adult, and generation were 9.14, 10.44, 12.53, 10.97, 12.47, and 10.58°C, respectively, with the corresponding effective accumulated temperatures of 452.31, 575.99, 169.58, 528.13, 340.81, and 1447.95 degree-days. With an increase in temperature, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were increased, while the mean generation time (T) was shortened. The optimal values of net reproductive rate (R0= 73.00 offspring) and fecundity (244.55 eggs) were determined at 24°C. Similarly, the population trend index (I) of A. sinensis was found to be highest at 24°C. Our findings indicate that A. sinensis has the greatest rate of population growth at 24°C, which can provide a scientific basis for predicting the in-field population dynamics of A. sinensis.

scholarly journals Progeny fitness determines the performance of the parasitoid Therophilus javanus, a prospective biocontrol agent against the legume pod borer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djibril Aboubakar Souna ◽  
Aimé Hippolyte Bokonon-Ganta ◽  
Marc Ravallec ◽  
Mesmin Alizannon ◽  
Ramasamy Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTherophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta) is an exotic larval endoparasitoid newly imported from Asia into Africa as a classical biological control agent against the pod borer Maruca vitrata (Fabricius). The parasitoid preference for the five larval instars of M. vitrata and their influence on progeny sex ratio were assessed together with the impact of larval host age at the time of oviposition on development time, mother longevity and offspring production. In a choice situation, female parasitoids preferred to oviposit in the first three larval instars. The development of immature stages of the parasitoid was observed inside three-day-old hosts, whereby the first two larval instars of T. javanus completed their development as endoparasites and the third larval instar as ectoparasite. The development time was faster when first larval instars (two- and three-day-old) of the host caterpillars were parasitized compared to second larval instar (four-day-old). The highest proportion of daughters (0.51) was observed when females were provided with four-day-old hosts. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.21 ± 0.01), the lowest rate of increase (λ) (1.23 ± 0.01), and the lowest net reproductive rate (Ro) (35.93 ± 6.51) were recorded on four-day-old hosts. These results are discussed in the light of optimizing mass rearing and release strategies.

Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table of Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Constant Temperatures on Semi-Synthetic Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modesto del Pino ◽  
Tomás Cabello ◽  
Estrella Hernández-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Chrysodeixis Chalcites ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The golden twin-spot moth or tomato looper, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper), is a polyphagous and worldwide pest that causes important aesthetic damages to banana fruits in the Canary Islands. The life history parameters of C. chalcites were determined under laboratory conditions in base on the age-stage, two-sex life table at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, 65% relative humidity (RH), and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h, when it was reared on a semi-synthetic diet. The results show that C. chalcites was able to develop and survive from 15 to 30°C, but no development occurred at 35°C. Developmental threshold temperatures of the egg, larval, pupal, and total preoviposition stages were 10.42, 11.73, 11.22, and 9.42°C, respectively, and their effective accumulated temperatures were 58.31, 265.96, 118.57, and 562.39 degree-days, respectively. The adult longevity was reduced with increasing temperature, which ranged between 16.27 and 34.85 d for females and between 14.27 and 35.21 d for males. The highest values of net reproductive rate (R0) and fecundity were observed at 25°C, with 232.70 offspring and 1,224.74 eggs, respectively. Both the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) increased significantly and mean generation time (T) decreased significantly with increasing temperature. These results provide useful information that will allow predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution and population dynamics of C. chalcites and developing successful integrated management programs.

scholarly journals Impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on biological traits and expression profile of chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) in melon aphid, Aphis gossypii

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farman Ullah ◽  
Hina Gul ◽  
Hafiz Kamran Yousaf ◽  
Wang Xiu ◽  
Ding Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Chitin Synthase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Melon Aphid ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor that can be used for the control of hemipteran pests, especially melon aphid, Aphis gossypii. The impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on the biological parameters and expression profile of CHS1 gene were estimated for two successive generations of A. gossypii. The present result shows that the LC15 and LC30 of buprofezin significantly decreased the fecundity and longevity of both generations. Exposure of F0 individuals to both concentrations delay the developmental period in F1. Furthermore, the survival rate, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) were reduced significantly in progeny generation at both concentrations. However, the reduction in gross reproductive rate (GRR) was observed only at LC30. Although, the mean generation time (T) prolonged substantially at LC30. Additionally, expression of the CHS1 gene was significantly increased in F0 adults. Significant increase in the relative abundance of CHS1 mRNA transcript was also observed at the juvenile and adult stages of F1 generation following exposure to LC15 and LC30. Therefore, our results show that buprofezin could affect the biological traits by diminishing the chitin contents owing to the inhibition of chitin synthase activity in the succeeding generation of melon aphid.

DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON UPPER AND LOWER LEAVES OF THREE POTATO CULTIVARS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Jansson ◽  
Z. Smilowitz
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Vertical Leaf ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproductive Life

AbstractThe influence of potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum tuberosum (L.) cvs. Katahdin (long-season), Norchip (mid-season), and Superior (short-season)) and vertical leaf position on certain life statistics of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were assessed in a glasshouse environment. Aphids were caged on upper and lower leaves of each cultivar. Developmental time requirements for pre-reproductive life stages were similar among cultivars and between leaf positions. Longevity was similar among cultivars within leaf position. However, aphids survived 62.3, 53.6, and longer on lower leaves than on upper leaves of Superior, Norchip, and Katahdin (p < 0.05 on Superior and Katahdin). Mean generation time (MGT) was similar among cultivars on upper leaves. On lower leaves, MGT was shorter on Superior than on Katahdin. MGT was 15.2, 6.9, and shorter on lower leaves than on upper leaves of Superior, Norchip, and Katahdin, respectively (p < 0.05 on Superior). Total fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase were greater on the lower leaves of each cultivar.

ADULT LONGEVITY, FECUNDITY, AND POPULATION GROWTH RATES FOR TRIALEURODES RICINI MISRA (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) AT DIFFERENT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shishehbor ◽  
P.A. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Trialeurodes Ricini ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractLongevity and reproductive potential of adult males and females of Trialeurodes ricini Misra were determined under laboratory conditions at four constant temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C). The resulting data were used to calculate life tables and rates of increase at each temperature. Females of T. ricini oviposited means of 183, 224, 294, and 132 eggs at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, respectively, and had a mean longevity of 38.52, 28.15, 15.78, and 10.11 days at the same four temperatures. The net reproductive rate was 49.92, 72.26, 111.08, and 38.44, and the daily intrinsic rate of increase was 0,05, 0.11, 0.18, and 0.15 at 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, respectively. Generation times decreased from 69.88 to 24.92 days with increasing temperature. The results indicate that T. ricini can, in otherwise unlimited conditions, persist and increase in numbers within the range 20–35°C.

Performance of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) clones on different host-plants and their host preference

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Nikolakakis ◽  
J.T. Margaritopoulos ◽  
J.A. Tsitsipis
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThe performance of eighteen clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on pepper and tobacco plants at 20°C and L16:D8 and the choice of young adult apterae between tobacco and pepper leaf-discs were examined. The clones were collected from weeds and peach in two tobacco-growing regions: Katerini, northern Greece and Karditsa, central Greece (only from weeds) and from Lehonia, central eastern Greece where tobacco is not cultivated. All clones did well on both hosts. However, the analysis of data revealed a significant effect of ‘region / host plant origin’ on aphid performance. The mean values of adult weight, intrinsic rate of increase and fecundity of the clones collected in Lehonia and reared on tobacco were significantly lower than the observed values for clones from Katerini and Karditsa. Aphids from Lehonia had significantly higher mean values for developmental time on tobacco than clones from the other regions whereas the opposite was observed when aphids were reared on pepper. Aphids collected in Lehonia performed better on pepper than those originating from the tobacco-growing regions. A choice test revealed differences among the clones originating from different regions. Fifty three percent and 43% of aphids from weeds and peach from Lehonia, respectively, chose pepper. By comparison 41.5% and 40.0% of aphids from peach and weeds from Katerini, respectively and 49.5% of aphids from Karditsa preferred tobacco. The results are discussed in relation to host specialization in M. persicae.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Potential of Purified Elicitor Protein PeBL1 Extracted from Brevibacillus laterosporus Strain A60 and Its Capacity in the Induction of Defense Process against Cucumber Aphid (Myzus persicae) in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Khadija Javed ◽  
Humayun Javed ◽  
Dewen Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus ◽  
Protein Elicitor ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The Cucumber aphid (Myzus persicae), a destructive cucumber aphid usually managed by chemical pesticides, is responsible for enormous annual agricultural losses. A protein elicitor, PeBL1, was investigated in the present work for its ability to induce a defense response against M. persicae in cucumber. The rates of population growth (Intrinsic rate of increase) of M. persicae (second and third generations) decreased with PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings as compared to positive (water) and negative 70.58 μg mL−1 controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). In an assay on host selection, M. persicae had a preference for colonizing control plants as compared to the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. The nymphal development time of the aphid was extended with the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. Likewise, fecundity was reduced, with less offspring produced in the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings as compared to the positive (water) and negative 70.58 μg mL−1 controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The cucumber leaves treated with PeBL1 had a hazardous surface environment for M. persicae, caused by trichomes and wax formation. Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) levels were significantly higher, exhibiting significant accumulation in the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. The following results showed that PeBL1 considerably altered the height of the cucumber plant and the surface structure of the leaves to minimize M. persicae reproduction, and it prevented colonization. Defensive processes also included the activation of pathways (JA, SA, and ET). This study provides evidence of biocontrol for the use of PeBL1 in cucumber defense against M. persicae.

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