Comparing growth patterns among field populations of cereal aphids reveals factors limiting their maximum abundance

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Honek ◽  
V. Jarosik ◽  
A.F.G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Maximum Abundance ◽  
Aphid Density

AbstractCereal stands in central Europe are commonly infested with three species of aphids that may become serious pests. With increasing abundance, the proportion of a particular species in the total aphid population may remain constant, suggesting a density-independent exponential growth, or the proportion can change, suggesting density-dependent constraints on growth. The constraints that affect particular species, and thus their relative abundance, were studied. The proportionality between maximum abundances of the cereal aphids was studied using a 10-year census of the numbers of aphids infesting 268 winter wheat plots. For two species their abundance on leaves and ears was compared. With increasing aphid density the maximum abundance of Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) remained proportional, but not that of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), which was constrained by the smaller surface area of ears compared to leaves. There was no evidence of inter-specific competition. Maximum abundance of R. padi and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) on leaves did not change proportionally as the proportion of M. dirhodum decreased with increasing overall aphid density. This decrease was probably caused by the restricted distribution of M. dirhodum, which is confined to leaves, where space is limiting. No change in proportion between populations was detected when the average densities were below 0.54 aphids per leaf or ear. Non-proportional relationships between aphid populations appeared to be due to spatial constraints, acting upon the more abundant population. Detecting the limitation of population growth can help with the assessment of when density-independent exponential growth is limited by density-dependent factors. This information may help in the development of models of cereal aphid population dynamics.

scholarly journals Comparison of Field Population Growths of Three Cereal Aphid Species on Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jarošík ◽  
A. Honěk ◽  
A. Tichopád
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Population growths of three aphid species colonising winter wheat stands, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae, were analysed by regression method. The calculations were based on counts in 268 winter wheat plots at 3 or 7 day intervals over 10 (leaves) or 6 (ears) years. The population dynamics of a particular species differed widely between years. Density independent exponential growth of the population was most common, but its rate differed significantly between species, and for S. avenae also between populations on leaves and ears, on which the populations grew fastest. Field estimates of the intrinsic rate of increase derived from the exponential growths ranged between 0.010–0.026 in M. dirhodum, 0.0071–0.011 in R. padi, and between 0.00078–0.0061 and 0.0015–0.13 in S. avenae on leaves and ears, respectively. In the populations with the most vigorous population growth, S. avenae on ears and M. dirhodum on leaves, the rate of population increase significantly decreased with increasing aphid density.  

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Diversity on the Numerical Response ofEriopis connexa(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Changes in Cereal Aphid Density in Wheat Crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C. Tulli ◽  
Dora M. Carmona ◽  
Ana M. Vincini
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Numerical Response ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Eriopis Connexa

Cereal aphids cause economic injury to wheat crops. In Argentina,Eriopis connexais an indigenous ladybird. In the present study, the numerical response ofE. connexato changes in aphid density on wheat crops with high and low plant diversity was investigated. The study was carried out in Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina, from September to December 2007 and 2008, on two wheat crops with either a higher plant diversity (HPD) with refuge strips or a lower plant diversity (LPD) without refuge strips. Crops were sampled every week and the abundance of aphids andE. connexawas recorded. The dominant aphid species wereSchizaphis graminum, Metopolophium dirhodum,andSitobion avenae.Eriopis connexashowed a linear increase in the numerical response to an increase in aphid density, which varied in space and time. The abundance ofE. connexaincreased in relation to the crop development and aphid population and was higher in the HPD than in the LPD system. This predator increased its reproductive numerical response only in 2008, with a significant liner response in the HPD system. This suggests that the potential ofE. connexaas a predator of cereal aphids also increases directly in proportion to landscape vegetal diversity.

scholarly journals Abundance of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) within wild Triticum and Aegi­lops spp., and cultivated wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
H. Havlíčková ◽  
V. Holubec
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Triticum Species ◽  
The Individual

Accessions of the wild Triticum species: T. boeticum, T. dicoccoides, T. urartu, and the Aegilops species:  Ae. columnaris, Ae. geniculata, Ae. markgrafii, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis in the collection of the Gene Bank of RICP Prague-Ruzyně, with T.  aestivum cv. Sandra as control, were evaluated for cereal aphid occurrence in the open during 1995–1998 period. The cereal aphid species Rhopalosiphum  padi (RP), Metopolophium dirhodum (MD) and Sitobion avenae (SA) were predominant on the plants. Variations in the abundance of individual aphid species in each year were found. The results from 1997, the optimal year for aphid occurrence, showed differences between both aphid and plant species. RP significantly dominated in Triticum species, while SA preferred Aegilops accessions. A significant negative correlation was found between RP and MD densities in the Triti­ cum spp., while MD and SA occurrence showed a negative relation to that of RP and SA in the Aegilops accessions. The individual aphid species showed a similar pattern of infestation in several genomically close accessions.

Electrophoretic study of enzymes from cereal aphid populations. I. Electrophoretic techniques and staining systems for characterising isoenzymes from six species of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Loxdale ◽  
P. Castañera ◽  
C. P. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques

AbstractOne–dimensional slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques, staining systems and isoenzyme banding patterns for 14 soluble enzymes separated from crude homogenates of individuals of six species of cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae (F.), S. fragariae (Wlk.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.), M. festucae (Theo.), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and R. maidis (Fitch)) are described. The value of the techniques and banding patterns to taxonomic and population genetic studies of these and other aphid species are briefly discussed. With the six species, it was possible to separate the different genera as well as individual species within genera. The enzymes found to be most useful for inter–generic and/or -specific separations were adenylate kinase (AK), esterase (EST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), hexokinase (HK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), peptidase (PEP), phosphatase (PHOS), phosphoglucomutase (PMG), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORDH), whilst glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD), malic enzyme (ME) and peroxidase (POD) were of relatively little taxonomic use. There were no banding pattern differences between the various morphs of S. avenae (first to fourth-instar nymphs, apterous and alate adults using the 14 enzymes.

scholarly journals Effect of chlorophenoxy herbicides residues on probing behavior of cereal aphid

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
ROBERT KRZYŻANOWSKI ◽  
IZABELA BEDNARCZYK ◽  
JOLANTA CUDZIŁO-ABRAMCZUK
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Grain Aphid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Chlorophenoxyacetic herbicides such as 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are used for cereal protection. However, some of them penetrate the tissues of protected plants and also get in contact with cereal pathogens. The up-to-date studies concerned their effectiveness in combating the weeds without paying attention to the herbivores occurring in cereal agrocenoses. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of chlorophenoxyacetic herbicides on the probing behavior of grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walk.). The experiment was carried out on wingless females feeding on winter wheat seedlings of Tonacja cv. using the electronic penetration graph (EPG) method. Tested herbicide preparations exerted an influence on the probing behavior of all aphids examined. The inhibitory effect of MCPA and 2,4-D on the uptake of phloem juice was found. It has been shown that chlorophenoxyacetic herbicides are not only effective in combating the weeds of cereal crops, but can also have positive side-effects in the form of limiting the cereal aphids population.

Trophic interactions between three species of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spring wheat (Poaceae): implications for pest management

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Migui ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Specific Impact

AbstractThe susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.

Application of the FAO-recommended method for detecting insecticide resistance in Aphis jabae Scopoli, Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Stribley ◽  
G. D. MOORES ◽  
A. L. DEVONSHIRE ◽  
R. M. SAWICKI
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dip Test

AbstractBaseline toxicity measurements established discriminating concentrations of pirimicarb and demeton-S-methyl guaranteed to kill susceptible examples of Aphis fabae Scop., Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in the dip-test, the FAO-recommended method for detecting resistance in aphids. There was no evidence for resistance to either insecticide in field-collected populations of aphids from various parts of the UK or amongst variants of S. avenae characterised by staining their esterases after electrophoresis. New, simple techniques for rearing large numbers of colonies of cereal aphids are described.

Management of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations and their natural enemies in winter wheat by alternate strip spraying with a selective insecticide

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Peak Density ◽  
Selective Insecticide ◽  
Similar Peak

AbstractThe effect on aphid population development of creating natural enemy refuges by spraying only alternate strips of winter wheat with the aphid-specific insecticide pirimicarb at 140 g a.i./ha was compared with those in an unsprayed and a completely sprayed block in south-eastern England. The numbers of Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) increased rapidly in the unsprayed block and in the unsprayed strips to reach similar peak densities in early August. Natural enemy activity was similar in these two areas, indicating negligible movement of predators and parasitoids from the sprayed strips to the unsprayed strips. Instead, aphids re-colonized the sprayed strips more quickly than the sprayed block, and the peak density in the former was similar to those in the unsprayed areas.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND SAMPLING PLANS WITH FIXED LEVELS OF PRECISION FOR CEREAL APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) INFESTING SPRING WHEAT

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Boeve ◽  
Michael Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Taylor’S Power Law ◽  
Taylor's Power Law

AbstractThree cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Sitobion avenae (F.), invade wheat fields in the northern Great Plains each spring, and populations occasionally reach economic levels. The first objective of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of three species of cereal aphids infesting hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The second objective was to develop two sampling plans for cereal aphids using individual stems as the sampling unit, a sampling plan with fixed levels of precision and a sequential sampling decision plan based on total numbers of aphids present. Aphid population estimates were collected from 47 eastern North Dakota spring wheat fields during 1993–1995. The number of aphids per stem were counted on 100–350 stems per field. Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s patchiness regression were used to analyze the spatial distribution of the aphids. Rhopalosiphum padi and S. avenae exhibited an aggregated distribution, whereas S. graminum was distributed randomly in the field. Taylor’s power law provided a better fit to the data than Iwao’s patchiness regression. Sample size requirements for precision levels of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.25 were estimated with Taylor’s regression coefficients. Required sample sizes increased with decreased aphid populations and increased levels of precision. The two sampling plans presented should be useful for research on cereal aphid population dynamics and pest management decision making in spring wheat.

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