Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Dormant Tuber ◽  
Basal Bulb

Abstract The basal bulb and tubers are the organs for vegetative propagation of C. esculentus, as well as the short-lived rhizomes, which extend for 5-30 cm, or sometimes further, before turning up and forming a further shoot and basal bulb, or a dormant tuber. The rhizomes occasionally branch, but have no viable buds at their nodes, and they decay at the end of the growing season. The number of rhiozomes is unaffected by photoperiod but tuber formation is promoted in short photoperiods (Holm et al., 1977). In the southern USA, only new shoots and basal bulbs are formed at day lengths over 14 hours, whereas all rhizomes terminate in tubers as soon as days are shorter than 14 hours (Jansen, 1971).

Barriers Prevent Emergence of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in Annual Plasticulture Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Maren J. Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Hand Weeding

Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in plasticulture strawberry because herbicides and fumigants currently used in California provide little to no control and because nutsedge shoots easily penetrate standard low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mulch to rapidly establish and compete with the crop. Field studies were conducted at two California locations near Oxnard and Camarillo from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate yellow nutsedge control with physical barriers. Nutsedge germinated in both autumn and spring through LDPE mulch alone, but paper placed between two layers of standard 0.15-mm black LDPE mulch, weed barrier fabric commonly used in landscapes placed under LDPE mulch, and Tyvek Home Wrap placed under LDPE mulch suppressed nutsedge emergence. In 1 yr, the size of strawberry plants grown with weed barrier fabric was reduced 23% compared with the other treatments and the number of marketable fruit in the third month of harvest was reduced 20% compared with LDPE mulch alone, likely because inadequately cut planting holes in this barrier restricted plant growth. Estimated costs for barrier treatments ranged from $5,000 to $12,000 ha−1compared with estimated hand-weeding costs of up to $24,000 ha−1. In 2007 to 2008 barrier treatments reduced the number of wind-dispersed weeds that commonly land and germinate in strawberry planting holes 67% compared with LDPE mulch alone. Removing the barriers at the end of the two seasons revealed that nutsedge plants sprouted but failed to grow and produce new tubers under the barriers. This observation suggests that nutsedge-impermeable barriers may aid in depletion of the soil tuber bank and therefore can be an effective tool in managing nutsedge for the length of the growing season.

The Effects of Light and Temperature on Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Basal-Bulb Formation

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
Joseph T. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Basal Bulb ◽  
Alternating Temperature

Investigations were conducted to determine whether light, temperature, or their interaction stimulated primary basal-bulb formation on underground stems of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) seedlings grown from tubers. Basal-bulb formation results when internodes shorten and leaves lengthen. When seedlings were grown without medium around the underground shoots, a temperature alternation of 10C stimulated basal-bulb formation; light did not affect the process. When seedlings were grown with medium around the underground shoots, either light or alternating temperature stimulated basal-bulb formation. Nine colors of light gave the same stimulus as white (fluorescent) light. Phytochrome did not appear to be the photoreceptor for the stimulus, as both red and far-red light responses were identical to that of white light.

Effect of Corn (Zea mays) Population on the Growth of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Ghafar ◽  
Alan K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Ground Biomass

Increasing the corn (Zea maysL. “CO-OP S265”) population from 33 300 to 133 300 plants per hectare in the field significantly reduced yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) above-ground biomass, tuber number, tuber weight and yellow nutsedge height at the end of growing season, and significantly increased corn yield. Photosynthetically active radiation below corn canopies decreased with increasing corn population and corresponded to reductions in yellow nutsedge above-ground biomass, tuber weight and tuber number. These results demonstrate that available light is a major factor in yellow nutsedge competition with corn. The size of yellow nutsedge was also reduced at high corn densities. These results support the use of crop manipulation in an integrated yellow nutsedge management system in corn.

Yellow Nutsedge Tuber Germination and Seedling Development

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
D. P. Nema ◽  
V. M. Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Basal Bulb

Upon germination, one or more rhizomes grew from the apical end of each yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) tuber. Each rhizome developed a basal bulb upon exposure to light. No significant differences in germination percentages existed between four lots of tubers which differed about fivefold in weight. The weight of plant material produced correlated significantly with the fresh weight of the tuber from which it emanated. When tubers germinated three successive times, over 60% of the tuber dry weight, carbohydrate, oil, starch, and protein were consumed during the first germination; but less than 10% of these constituents were uitlized during each of the next two germinations. Plants weighed significantly more after 43 and 91 days of growth with tubers attached throughout the period than when tubers were detached after emergence.

Morphology and Photoperiodic Responses of Yellow Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses ◽  
Basal Bulb

Young vegetative clones of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) were propagated by subdivision of older clones and then grown 6 months under photoperiods of 8 to 24 hr. Early stages of development of basal bulbs, tubers, and flowering structures were characterized in terms of apical meristem activity and differentiation of various foliar appendages: cladophylls, prophylls, leaf primordia, foliar tube development, and involucral leaves. Ramification of the axial stem system was interpreted as a repeating phylogenetic sequence:viz., undifferentiated axial meristem (from basal bulb) å primitive stem (rhizome) å advanced stem (new basal bulb). New photosynthetic leaves differentiated every 4.5 to 5 days, and each exhibited a sigmoid pattern of growth for 24 to 40 days. As photoperiods increased from 14 to 24 hr, certain active vegetative processes—total peripheral shoot development, rhizome proliferation, and rate of higher order shooting—were progressively promoted. The rate of differentiation of indeterminate rhizome tips into basal bulbs (new shoots) was maximum at 16 hr and into tubers at 8 to 12 hr. Delayed tuberization, however, occurred even at the longest photoperiod. Flowering occurred only at photoperiods of 12 and 14 hr. Active vegetative processes were competitive with tuberization, and flowering was competitive with both active and dormant vegetative development.

Effects of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and Imazaquin on the Tuber Formation and Shoot Tillering of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.).

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-217
Author(s):  
Masaru Ogasawara ◽  
Shin-ya Kitamura ◽  
Koichi Yoneyama ◽  
Yasutomo Takeuchi ◽  
Makoto Konnai
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Anatomy of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Wills ◽  
R. E. Hoagland ◽  
R. N. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Basal Bulb ◽  
Anatomical Arrangement ◽  
Pass Through

Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) develops as a series of shoots, bulbs, and tubers connected by rhizomes. The leaves contain parallel, collateral vascular bundles with the majority of the chlorophyll-containing cells concentrated in two sheathing girdles around each bundle. The upper leaf surface consists of a single layer of large epidermal cells covered by a thick cuticle. Stomates occur primarily in the lower surface. The vascular bundles are collateral in the leaves and amphivasal in the rhizome, changing their anatomical arrangement as they pass through the basal bulb. Newly developing rhizomes and tubers are white and fleshy with a parenchymatous epidermis and cortex. Mature rhizomes are brown and wiry with a deteriorated outer cortex and a lignified inner cortex and endodermis. Tubers and bulbs form similarly at the rhizome apices with the tubers accumulating starch. The rhizome vascular system remains intact throughout the growing season.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Competitive Nature

Field studies were conducted from 1986 through 1988 to evaluate various herbicides for yellow nutsedge control and peanut yields. Three applications of pyridate provided control comparable to two applications of bentazon with yellow nutsedge regrowth beginning 3 to 4 wk after application depending on moisture conditions. Crop oil concentrate did not improve the activity of pyridate. Flurtamone provided control comparable with that of metolachlor. Nutsedge control with fomesafen was erratic with peanut injury noted. Peanut yields did not reflect the competitive nature of nutsedge.

Tuber composition in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus (L.)) variants

Weed Research ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. MATTHIESEN ◽  
E.W. STOLLER
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Composition

scholarly journals Cloning and characterization of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit gene in Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 18302-18314 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cheng ◽  
J. Hu ◽  
Y. Zhi ◽  
J.J. Su ◽  
X.K. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Subunit Gene ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Adp Glucose Pyrophosphorylase
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