Yellow Nutsedge Tuber Germination and Seedling Development

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
D. P. Nema ◽  
V. M. Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Basal Bulb

Upon germination, one or more rhizomes grew from the apical end of each yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) tuber. Each rhizome developed a basal bulb upon exposure to light. No significant differences in germination percentages existed between four lots of tubers which differed about fivefold in weight. The weight of plant material produced correlated significantly with the fresh weight of the tuber from which it emanated. When tubers germinated three successive times, over 60% of the tuber dry weight, carbohydrate, oil, starch, and protein were consumed during the first germination; but less than 10% of these constituents were uitlized during each of the next two germinations. Plants weighed significantly more after 43 and 91 days of growth with tubers attached throughout the period than when tubers were detached after emergence.

Effects of Glyphosate on Growth and the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Levels of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cañal Villanueva ◽  
B. Fernandez Muñiz ◽  
R. Sanchez Tames
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Underground System ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Secondary Shoot

Growth and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured in greenhouse-grown yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. ♯ CYPES), following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Herbicide was applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM. After 2 weeks, growth was inhibited, and chlorosis and leaf apex necrosis were observed. Plant height was reduced, leaf fresh weight was decreased by 40%, and leaf dry weight was slightly affected. Rhizome, tuber, and secondary shoot formation was strongly inhibited, but root development was not affected by glyphosate treatment. With the 10-mM treatment, dry weight of the underground system was reduced by 80%. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were decreased by 52 and 54%, respectively, following glyphosate treatment.

Effect of Corn (Zea mays) Seeding Date on the Growth of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Ghafar ◽  
Alan K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Tuber Production

Major differences in above- ground biomass and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) were not observed when corn (Zea maysL. “CO-OP S265”) was seeded on different dates (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week of May; and 1st week of June). The final seedbed was prepared just prior to each seeding date and this cultivation stimulated dormant tubers to sprout. As a result, a large population of yellow nutsedge emerged with the corn at all seeding dates. Because fertilizer was banded near the corn row, yellow nutsedge biomass, tuber dry weight and number of tubers were higher within corn rows than between rows. Tuber size was affected by seeding date and shifted toward smaller tubers within corn rows and larger tubers between the rows as the corn was sown late. The optimum seeding date of corn was in the 3rd week of May when the highest corn yield was obtained and yellow nutsedge growth was generally reduced.

Sweet Potato Periderm Components Inhibit Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Joseph K. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Weight Concentration ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Sequential extraction and chromatographic procedures were used to isolate inhibitors of yellow nutsedge growth from sweet potato periderm tissue. Most of the inhibitory activity was found in a single high pressure liquid chromatography peak that contained 1.2% of the periderm dry weight. Concentration-response data indicated that yellow nutsedge is highly sensitive to this fraction. Several other fractions inhibited yellow nutsedge root growth, but they did not compose a major portion of the inhibitory capacity of the periderm extracts.

Strategies for increased yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control in turfgrass with halosulfuron, sulfentrazone and physical removal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Luqi Li ◽  
Matthew Sousek ◽  
Zachary Reicher ◽  
Roch Gaussoin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Tuber Fresh Weight ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract Yellow nutsedge is one of the most widely distributed and troublesome weeds in the world. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to optimize strategies for increased yellow nutsedge control in turfgrass with halosulfuron and sulfentrazone. In the field study in yellow nutsedge and perennial ryegrass mixture, single or sequential applications (three weeks after initial) of halosulfuron or sulfentrazone were made on June 3, June 23, July 15, or August 5 in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. Percent yellow nutsedge control was rated within the same growing season on Sept 17 and the following year on June 3 for carry-over control. Field and greenhouse studies confirm that sequential applications of halosulfuron with a three-week interval resulted in > 95% control in a yellow nutsedge/turfgrass mixture. In a greenhouse study, both herbicides reduced yellow nutsedge root and rhizome dry mass from 39 to 98%, number of new tubers and tuber fresh weight from 38 to 100% and prevented re-emergence. Sequential applications of either herbicide within a three-week interval early post emergence is recommended for optimal control. Herbicide application to yellow nutsedge using halosulfuron and sulfentrazone should be made as early as possible postemergence, preferably at the three- to five-leaf stage or 200 to 250 growing degree days (GDD, 10 C base). Mowing can be an effective method to reduce yellow nutsedge growth. Mowing at 7.6 cm weekly reduced yellow nutsedge rhizome dry mass by 55% and number of new tubers formed by 63% in the greenhouse study. Physical removal of yellow nutsedge plants such as hand-pulling can be an effective method to manage yellow nutsedge and is most effective at the three- to five-leaf stage (200 to 250 GDD). End-users can maximize yellow nutsedge control by integrating early herbicide treatments and cultural practices such as mowing and hand-pulling.

The Effects of Light and Temperature on Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Basal-Bulb Formation

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
Joseph T. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Basal Bulb ◽  
Alternating Temperature

Investigations were conducted to determine whether light, temperature, or their interaction stimulated primary basal-bulb formation on underground stems of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) seedlings grown from tubers. Basal-bulb formation results when internodes shorten and leaves lengthen. When seedlings were grown without medium around the underground shoots, a temperature alternation of 10C stimulated basal-bulb formation; light did not affect the process. When seedlings were grown with medium around the underground shoots, either light or alternating temperature stimulated basal-bulb formation. Nine colors of light gave the same stimulus as white (fluorescent) light. Phytochrome did not appear to be the photoreceptor for the stimulus, as both red and far-red light responses were identical to that of white light.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Response to Soil- and Foliar-Applied Mesotrione

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCurdy ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Greg K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Mesotrione, a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, is being evaluated for use in turfgrass systems. It was hypothesized that root absorption of soil-applied mesotrione is necessary for effective weed control. Greenhouse studies were conducted to compare the effects of foliar-, soil-, and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.14 and 0.28 kg ai/ha on yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass. In general, greatest control of yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass was by treatments that included soil application. In addition, mesotrione applied at 0.28 kg/ha generally controlled both yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass more effectively than mesotrione applied at 0.14 kg/ha. Soil- and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.28 kg/ha controlled yellow nutsedge more than foliar-applied mesotrione 56 d after treatment. Soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.28 kg/ha controlled large crabgrass more than any other treatment 28 d after treatment. Soil- and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at both rates reduced large crabgrass foliar dry weight more effectively than did foliar-applied mesotrione. Results indicate that root absorption of mesotrione from soil is beneficial for the effective control of both yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass. For this reason, methods such as granular or high-volume applications, which enhance delivery of mesotrione to soil, would be potentially beneficial for turfgrass weed control.

Effects of Shoot Clipping–Soil Disturbance Frequency and Tuber Size on Aboveground and Belowground Growth of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusandCyperus esculentus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Fresh Weight ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Basal Bulb

Purple and yellow nutsedges are two of the world's worst weeds, reproducing asexually by rhizomes that can develop into new shoots or tubers. These tubers are the storage organs for carbohydrate reserves that are replenished by growing shoots and exhausted by new shoot, root plus rhizome, and basal bulb production. Based on the biology of both species, we hypothesized that the regenerative potential of purple and yellow nutsedge would decrease, with increasing shoot clipping–soil disturbance (SCSD) frequency and decreasing tuber size. To test this hypothesis, greenhouse experiments were conducted in pots to determine the effect of SCSD frequency and tuber size on aboveground and belowground growth of purple and yellow nutsedges. Five viable tubers of two tuber category sizes (small, 0.40 ± 0.05; and large, 0.80 ± 0.05 g of tuber fresh weight) were subjected to four SCSD frequencies (weekly, biweekly, monthly, and none) for 12 wk. SCSD was performed by clipping the emerged nutsedge shoots followed by manually disturbing the soil. SCSD at biweekly or weekly intervals reduced purple nutsedge proliferation, regardless of initial tuber size. However, monthly SCSD did not suppress purple nutsedge as effectively as weekly or biweekly SCSD, and less proliferation occurred with small tubers than with large tubers. In contrast, yellow nutsedge proliferation was equally reduced with monthly or more-frequent SCSD, regardless of initial tuber size. Even weekly soil disturbance for 12 wk failed to eradicate all small or large tubers in either species. Thus, yellow nutsedge is managed more easily than purple nutsedge with less-frequent tillage or cultivation. However, tillage or cultivation alone during a 12-wk period will not likely eradicate either nutsedge species from infested soil.

scholarly journals FERTILIZANTE DE LIBERAÇÃO LENTA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus grandis

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Überson Boaretto Rossa ◽  
Alessandro Camargo Angelo ◽  
Itamar Antonio Bognola ◽  
Danielle Janaina Westphalen ◽  
Jaçanan Eloisa Milani
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Base Substrate

Uma das ações mais importantes para aumentar a produção de mudas de essências florestais é a fertilização do substrato. A utilização de fertilizante de liberação lenta (FLL) pode contribuir para a obtenção de mudas de melhor qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar doses crescentes de FLL e fertilizante convencional (FC), bem como comparar esses fertilizantes no desenvolvimento de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. O estudo foi realizado na região do Vale do Itajaí, SC. Os tratamentos foram a adição de FLL e FC para cada experimento nas seguintes doses de formulado: T1 – 0 kg (testemunha); T2 – 2 kg; T3 – 4 kg; T4 – 6 kg; T5 – 8 kg e T6 – 10 kg.m-3 de substrato-base. Decorridos 174 dias da semeadura, foram analisadas as variáveis altura total, diâmetro do colo, biomassa fresca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da raiz, biomassa seca total, dose de máxima eficiência técnica e teores de nutrientes da parte aérea das mudas de cada tratamento. Em todos os tratamentos houve resposta positiva no desenvolvimento das mudas, entretanto as mudas tiveram melhor crescimento sob doses entre 9,1 e 12,9 kg.m-3 de fertilizante de liberação lenta.Palavras-chave: Qualidade de mudas; nutrição de mudas; vivericultura; fertilização; substrato. AbstractSlow release fertilizer in development of seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis. One of the most important actions to increase production of seedlings is substrate fertilization. The use of slow release fertilizer (FLL) can contribute to the achievement of best seedlings. The aim of this research was to evaluate increasing doses of FLL and FC, as well as compare these fertilizers in developing seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis. The study was conducted in Vale do Itajai, Santa Catarina State. The treatments were the addition of FLL and HR in each experiment in the following doses: T1 - 0 kg (control), T2 - 2 kg; T3 - 4 kg, T4 - 6 kg; T5 - 8 kg and T6 - 10 kg.m-3 of base substrate. After 174 days of sowing, the variables analyzed were total height, stem diameter, fresh weight of shoot, shoot dry biomass, root dry weight, total biomass and maximum dose of technical efficiency, and nutrient levels of the seedlings of each treatment. In all treatments there was positive response in seedling development, however, the plants had better growth in doses ranging from 9.1 to 12.9 kg.m-3 of slow release fertilizer.Keywords: Seedling quality; seedlings nutrition; cultivation of seedlings; fertilization; substrate.

Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) interference in simulated sweetpotato plant beds

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Jeffrey L. Main ◽  
Thomas Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Masonry Sand

AbstractGreenhouse experiments were conducted in 2016 at Pontotoc and Verona, MS. On March 3 (Pontotoc) and March 7 (Verona), landscape fabric was placed in the bottom of polyethylene lugs, each 0.22 m2, then approximately 5 cm of a 1:1 (v/v) blend of soilless potting media and masonry sand was added. ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L). Lam.] storage roots weighing between 85 and 227 g, and several with emerging sprouts ≤1 cm, were placed longitudinally in a single layer on the substrate, then covered with an additional 3 cm of the substrate. Sprouted yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers were transplanted equidistantly into sweetpotato-containing lugs at six densities: 0, 18, 36, 73, 109, and 145 m−2. Trials were terminated 55 and 60 d after planting at Pontotoc and Verona, respectively. Predicted total sweetpotato stem cuttings (slips) decreased linearly from 399 to 312 m−2 as C. esculentus density increased from 0 to 145 m−2. Predicted total slip dry weight at a C. esculentus density of 145 m−2 was reduced 21% compared with 0 m−2. Predicted rotten sweetpotato storage roots increased from 2.6 to 11.3 m−2 as C. esculentus density increased from 0 to 145 m−2. In response to increasing C. esculentus density, sweetpotato seed roots exhibited increased proximal-end dominance.

Yellow Nutsedge(Cyperus esculentus)Control in Kentucky Bluegrass(Poa pratensis)with Bentazon, Cyperquat, and Perfluidone

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Kern ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Sod Production

Bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one 2,2-dioxide], cyperquat (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), and perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide} were evaluated for their potential use as postemergence herbicides for selective yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) control in Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensisL.) in field studies. High rates of these herbicides as single or split applications were effective and only slightly reduced verdure of Kentucky bluegrass, indicating excellent selectivity. In greenhouse studies perfluidone exhibited growth retardant properties. Shoot dry weight production was inhibited and root dry weight of treated plants was markedly reduced. These two factors are undesirable features for commercial sod production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document