Pseudomonas amygdali. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Crack Open ◽  
Pseudomonas Amygdali

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas amygdali. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis]. Other stone fruits have been inoculated without success. DISEASE: Bacteriosis of almond. Perennial cankers are formed on branches and twigs, usually at leaf scars. They begin as swellings of the bark that crack open and become surrounded by swollen and darkened cortical tissue. They remain actively growing all the year round, reaching 3-5 cm long in 2 years and eventually up to 15-20 cm. If a branch is girdled by canker the part above dies. Buds near the cankers often fail to open in the spring and as the disease progresses trees steadily decline. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Greece (Crete), Turkey (55, 324). TRANSMISSION: This has not yet been reported, but as cankers are usually sited at leaf scars it seems likely that bacteria are carried to these scars in wet conditions at, or soon after, leaf fall.

Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Exact Distribution ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Disease Cycle

Abstract A description is provided for Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia systemic on Anemone coronaria (florists' anemone), uredia and telia on Prunus sp., especially on Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis] (almond), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus domestica (plum) and Prunus persica (peach). DISEASE: Peach rust; rust of stone fruit. Rust of florists' anemone. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Appears to be cosmopolitan but exact distribution often uncertain owing to confusion with var. pruni-spinosae (CMI Map 223 ed. 2). TRANSMISSION: In many areas the rust overwinters on the twigs (8: 451; 10: 470; 16: 108; 19: 418; 23: 262; 25: 347; 38: 153; 40: 116; 46, 377) or overwintering leaves (19: 418; 23: 492) from which urediospores are blown in the spring. Conditions affecting germination of urediospores and teliospores have been studied (10: 470; 18: 322; 20: 215; 38: 705). In only a few areas are aeciospores on Anemone thought to be important in the disease cycle on stone fruits (4: 420; 22: 29; 26: 113; 35: 108; 38: 369).

Pseudomonas amygdali. [Distribution map].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Pseudomonas Amygdali ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas amygdali Psallidas & Panagopoulos. Hosts: Almond (Prunus amygdalus). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Turkey, EUROPE, Greece.

Pseudomonas amygdali. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Pseudomonas Amygdali ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas amygdali Psallidas & Panagopoulos. Hosts: Almond (Prunus dulcis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Afghanistan, Turkey, Europe, Greece, Chios, Crete, Euboea, Kos, Rhodes, Attiki.

Cercospora rubro-tincta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora rubro-tincta. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis]; also P. avium and P. communis.DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Libya, Zimbabwe; Asia: India, Israel; Europe: Cyprus, Malta; North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne, or rain-splash dispersed conidia.

Stigmina carpophila. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Far East ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Cherry Laurel ◽  
Hole Effect

Abstract A description is provided for Stigmina carpophila. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: On leaves forming small purplish spots with a yellow centre, then turning brown and later developing into a shot-hole effect when the central portion drops out; on twigs as small black spots which later enlarge and become sunken. HOSTS: Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis] [almond], P. armeniaca [apricot], P. avium [sweet cherry], P. cerasus [sour cherry], P. communis, P. domestica [plum], P. italica, P. laurocerasus [cherry laurel], P. persica [peach]. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Algeria [4, 171], Angola [47, 3400], Azores [Beusaude, 6, 80], Egypt [26, 497], Ethiopia [IMI], Libya [IMI], Madagascar [30, 630], Morocco [Maire & Werner, 18, 550], South Africa [19, 418], Zimbabwe [Hopkins, 21, 213]. ASIA: Afghanistan [Gattani et al., 42, 296], China (Hunan [Wang, 25, 525], N.W. [40, 543], Kinagsu-Szechwan [45, 2441]), Hong Kong [33, 411; IMI], India (IMI, [Butler & Bisby, 41, 18], Kashmir [47, 2759, 72, 3842]), Iran [38, 378], Iraq [47, 3062], Israel [15, 683], Japan [Shira & Hara, 7, 672], Lebanon [49, 982], Pakistan [IMI, 44, 2757; 52, 376], Syria [38, 383], Turkey [IMI, 27, 350; 34, 464], former USSR ['Armenia', 'Stalinsk', 'Tadzhikistan', 'Uzbekistan' (37, 292, 710; 5, 175; 6, 18; 20, 372), 'Kazakhstan' (45, 1728), 'Kinghizstan' (44, 1470), 'Soviet Far East' (46, 19), 'Turkmen' (Golovin, Ashkabad Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk TSSR 1965; 50, 1113)]. AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA: Australia [NSW, Qd., S. Aust., Vict., W. Aust. (IMI, 27, 27; 42, 331; 25, 218; 22, 470; Carne, 5, 118), Tas. (3, 259)], New Zealand [Brien, 18, 726]. EUROPE: Austria [29, 403], Belgium [28, 51], Bulgaria [40, 543], Crete [50, 1144], Cyprus [IMI, Natrass, 17, 346], former Czechoslovakia [IMI], Denmark [27, 411], France [19, 104], Germany [IMI, 11, 186], Greece [5, 15], Hungary [18, 535], Ireland [Adamas & Pethybridge, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. B 28(4): 148 (1910), Italy [IMI, 26, 229], Netherlands [27, 244], Norway [Jørstad, 25, 184], Poland [4, 314], Portugal [D'Almeida, Contrib. Mycol. Port. : 47 (1903)], Rumania [20, 558; IMI], Spain [1, 354], Sweden [IMI, Rabenhorst-Winter, Fl. europ. exsicc. no. 2777 (1903)], Switzerland [27, 428], UK (IMI, [Moore, 39, 212], Channel Isles (Jersey [Philipps, 41, 2]), former USSR [Voronikhin, Mater. Mycol. fl. Sotchi Distr. : 58 (1914), Smarods, 10, 223, Brundza, 42, 308; 17, 837; 43, 1347], former Yugoslavia [31, 594]. NORTH AMERICA: Canada [IMI, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan (Canad. Pl. Dis. Surv. 1920-1964), Que (46, 3383)], Mexico [1, 375, 72, 6164], USA [Agric. Handb. USDA 165, 1960 (40, 511), 40, 116, 71, 5682, 75, 1212)]. CENTRAL AMERICA & CARRIBEAN: Honduras [Muller et al., 41, 128]. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Hauman-Merck, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires 26: 202 (1914); 20, 9; Valiela, 24, 28; Marchionatto, 24, 280], Bolivia [37, 8], Brazil (Central-Southern [32, 616]), Chile [23, 254], Peru [31, 208], Uraguay [28, 224].

Xanthomonas pruni. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Means Of Transmission

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas pruni. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Prunus amygdalus, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. cerasus, P. davidiana, P. domestica, P. japonica, P. mume, P. persica, P. salicina and other species of Prunus (30: 48; Elliott, 31: 105, p. 114). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot on leaves, twigs and fruit of plum, peach, apricot and cherry; black spot of plum and peach; bacterial shot-hole of leaves. Previously referred to in earlier literature as bacterial canker of stone fruits, name now reserved for the disease caused by Pseudomonas morsprunorum and P. syringae. Shot-hole on the leaves of trees infected by X. pruni differs from that of fungal origin by the presence of bacterial ooze and in the shape of the leaf perforations which are generally irregular or elongated instead of round (35: 530). Atypical symptoms have been reported on peach leaves (19: 292). Symptoms on cherry fruit differ from those on peach and plum (14: 178). Branch cankers on peach are shallow and do not become perennial as on plum. On peach they were not observed to girdle the stem (10: 224). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Southern Rhodesia, South Africa); Asia (China, India, Japan, Korea, U.S.S.R.): Australasia (Australia, New Zealand), Europe (Cyprus, Italy, Romania); North America (Bermuda, Canada, U.S.A.): South America (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay). In the U.S.A. the disease occurs on stone fruits in at least 26 States (30: 48; CMI Map 340, Ed. 2, 1964). TRANSMISSION: Xanthomonas pruni is disseminated by wind and rain (29: 218). The pathogen enters leaves through the stomata, and fruit infection appears to follow that of the leaves, probably as a result of leaf drop during rainy spells (7: 76). Primary leaf infection on peach originates in twigs with spring cankers (Thornberry & Anderson, 1933) or terminal die-back in which the pathogen overwinters (39: 600). Summer cankers on peach are only important under certain conditions for initiating spring infection (34: 732, 379), but on plum and apricot they play a more permanent role since the infection originating in the current season's twigs continues to develop in them during the following spring (Anderson, 1956). Overwintering on plum buds and fallen leaves has also been reported (41: 608). Species of Cicada may damage the bark of plum in New Zealand and thus provide points of entry (32: 322). The chief means of transmission of the pathogen in New Zealand is in budwood and root-stocks (42: 202).

Erratum to: A seed coat cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase is associated with bitterness in almond (Prunus dulcis) kernels

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia K. Franks ◽  
Abbas Yadollahi ◽  
Michelle G. Wirthensohn ◽  
Jennifer R. Guerin ◽  
Brent N. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Important Site

The secondary metabolite amygdalin is a cyanogenic diglucoside that at high concentrations is associated with intense bitterness in seeds of the Rosaceae, including kernels of almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.), syn. Prunus amygdalus D. A. Webb Batsch). Amygdalin is a glucoside of prunasin, itself a glucoside of R-mandelonitrile (a cyanohydrin). Here we report the isolation of an almond enzyme (UGT85A19) that stereo-selectively glucosylates R-mandelonitrile to produce prunasin. In a survey of developing kernels from seven bitter and 11 non-bitter genotypes with polyclonal antibody raised to UGT85A19, the enzyme was found to accumulate to higher levels in the bitter types in later development. This differential accumulation of UGT85A19 is associated with more than three-fold greater mandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity in bitter kernels compared with non-bitter types, and transcriptional regulation was demonstrated using quantitative-PCR analysis. UGT85A19 and its encoding transcript were most concentrated in the testa (seed coat) of the kernel compared with the embryo, and prunasin and amygdalin were differentially compartmentalised in these tissues. Prunasin was confined to the testa and amygdalin was confined to the embryo. These results are consistent with the seed coat being an important site of synthesis of prunasin as a precursor of amygdalin accumulation in the kernel. The presence of UGT85A19 in the kernel and other tissues of both bitter and non-bitter types indicates that its expression is unlikely to be a control point for amygdalin accumulation and suggests additional roles for the enzyme in almond metabolism.

Alternaria sesami. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Infected Seed

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria sesami. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sesamum indicum. DISEASE: Pre-emergence and post-emergence damping off and leaf, stem and pod spot. On the leaves the brown, round or irregular spots are up to 2 crn diam. with concentric zonations on the upper surface, coalescent; leaf fall can be severe. Stem and capsule lesions may be less conspicuous but those on the former can present a water-soaked appearance, spreading almost the whole length of the stem. Infected seed leads to reduced emergence. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Fairly widespread in Asia, E. & W. Africa, S. America and S.E. U.S.A. Details are given in CMI Map 410, ed. 1; Ethiopia is an additional recent record. TRANSMISSION: Seedborne; spread may have occurred mainly through seed.

Parlatoria oleae. [Distribution map].

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parlatoria oleae (Colv.) (Homopt, Coccoidea) (Olive Scale). Hosts: Wide range of trees and shrubs, notably olives, apple, pear and stone fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Lipari Islands, Sardinia, Spain, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. USSR), Afghanistan, Cyprus, India, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kashmir, Lebanon, Pakistan, Persia, Syria, Turkey, USSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, NORTH AMERICA, U.S.A., SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil.

Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium. [Distribution map].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytoplasma phoenicium Verdin et al. Mollicutes: Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae. Hosts: almond (Prunus dulcis), apricot (P. armeniaca) and peach (P. persica). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Iran and Lebanon).

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