Effects of global trade liberalization on softwood lumber markets

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (20) ◽  
pp. 2351-2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Devadoss ◽  
Angel H. Aguiar
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Xingwei Wang

With the development of trade liberalization, the pollutants emissions embodied in global trade are increasing. The pollution haven hypothesis caused by trade has aroused wide attention. The fragmentation of international production has reshaped trade patterns. The proportion of intermediate product trade in global trade is increasing. However, little has been done to study the pollution haven of different pollutants under different trade patterns. In this paper, major environmental pollutants CO2 (carbon dioxide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), and NOx (nitrogen oxides) are selected as the research objects. This study investigated the global pollution haven phenomenon in 43 countries and 56 major industries from 2000 to 2014. Based on the MRIO model, the trade mode is divided into three specific patterns: final product trade, intermediate product trade in the last stage of production, and the trade related to the global value chain. The results show that trade liberalization could reduce global CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions, and intermediate product trade has a more significant emission reduction effect than final product trade. Trade’s impacts on each country are various, and the main drivers are also different. For example, the European Union avoids becoming a pollution haven mainly through the trade related to the global value chain. The suppressed emissions under this trade pattern are 71.8 Mt CO2, 2.2 Mt SO2, 2.2 Mt NOx. India avoids most pollutants emissions through intermediate product trade. China has become the most serious pollution haven through final product trade. The trade pattern could increase China 829.4 Mt CO2, 4.5 Mt SO2, 2.6 Mt NOx emissions in 2014.


2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (730) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Schott

The World Trade Organization is in disrepair. To fix it, and thereby boost global trade liberalization, nations must first successfully conclude the Doha Round of talks.


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Kamel Bakari

AbstractThis article argues that the evolution of, and challenges to, sustainable development cannot be understood completely outside its contemporary global context, consisting mainly of three interconnected spheres, i.e., the global governance system, the North-South debate, and global trade liberalization. As the boundaries of these three spheres get more and more blurred in a context of an intensifying globalization, the project of sustainable development is very often faced with obstacles that set back its evolution and might very well bring it to a halt. Above all, sustainable development is now caught in the crossfire between the push for exponential economic growth, on the one hand, and a compelling need to reverse catastrophic ecological threats and social exigencies, on the other. More often than not, the current structure and scope of global governance constitutes more of a hindrance than a help to the emerging paradigm of sustainable development. Accordingly, this article seeks to pinpoint the different challenges to the implementation of sustainable development in the field of global governance and to discuss to what extent these challenges are inherent in the structure and scope of this system. In a similar vein, this article examines and discusses the challenges to sustainability within two other highly interrelated spheres, namely global trade and the North-South politics. With this end in view, a special focus is placed throughout this paper on the interconnectedness of, and overlap between, these three global spheres and the determinant role played by the major actors therein.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
Marko Đogo ◽  
Vesna Prorok

Abstract The economic openness and reindustrialization. Can these two occurrences exist at the same time? The empirical experience of the East European countries tells us that they cannot. Trade liberalization in the transition countries implemented during the 1990s led to the process of deindustrialization which continued also during the 2000s. The goal of this paper is to present the possible directions for reform of the international trade system which would enable reindustrialization of the small countries in East Europe with simultaneous preservation of the achieved level of trade liberalization. Admittedly, we are separated from the win-win situation by the conviction that this is only possible if the compensation principle is applied on the global trade, according to which the winners in the global trade (developed countries with trade surplus), should compensate to the losers (small insufficiently developed countries) a part of their losses with mandatory support to programs of reindustrialization based on exports, for which the funds are chronically lacking. An alternative is reindustrialization based on import substitution i.e. strengthening of the protectionism, where all benefits of the free trade could vanish so in the end everybody would be in loss.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Rio Nurhasdy ◽  
Rizki Rahmadini Nurika ◽  
Septian Nur Yekti

AbstrakKonferensi Bandung sudahdiadakan 60 tahun yang lalu. Kolonisasi telah resmi menghilang, Perang Dingin telah berakhir, dan Gerakan Non-Blok telah hampir kehilangan raison d'etre. Namun, sistem serupa dominasi kekuatan dalam tatanan dunia masih bertahan, perang terus mengancam kemanusiaan, dan kelaparan massal, penyakit, dan kemiskinan masih menjadi ciri sebagian besar negara di dunia. Ketidakadilan telah muncul dalam bentuk yang lebih canggih dengan dimensi yang lebih besar seperti sosial, hukum, dan ekonomi. Sebuah sistem dominasi dalam tatanan dunia dan ketidakadilan saat ini dapat ditemukan dalam konteks perdagangan global. Rezim dipelopori oleh Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO) sebagai tatanan baru telah meliberalisasi belahan dunia dengan menawarkan beberapa fungsi dan tujuan bermanfaat bagi negara, baik Utara dan Selatan. Bahkan, perintah ini tidak selalu membawa manfaat bagi mereka, terutama untuk negara-negara kurang berkembang yang sebagian besar berasal dari Selatan. Mereka dieksploitasi dan hanya mendapatkan sedikit manfaat dari liberalisasi perdagangan sementara negara-negara maju menuai banyak manfaat. Sebagai respon terhadap dunia kontemporer, makalah ini mencoba untuk menganalisis rasa perlunya Bandung Spiritsebagai wujud kehadiran postkolonial asli dan masa depan untuk Selatan. Pertanyaan mendasarnya adalah mengapa sistem dominasi masih ada hingga sekarang, di mana kekuasaan hegemonik dalam sistem perdagangan ditempati oleh Utara. Makalah ini juga mempertanyakan bagaimana Bandung Spriti perlu ditafsirkan karena tidak semua norma dan nilai-nilai yang ada di dalam Bandung Spirit bisa memungkinkan Selatan untuk memecahkan masalah global, terutama untuk isu-isu perdaganganKata Kunci: bandung spirit, liberalisasi perdagangan, selatan, WTO AbstractIt has been 60 years after the Bandung Conference. Colonization has officially disappeared, the Cold War has ended, and the Non-Aligned Movement has almost lost its raison d’être. However, similar systems of domination by the powerful in the world order still persist, wars continue to threaten humanity, and mass hunger, diseases, and poverty still characterize many parts of the world. Injustice has appeared in more sophisticated forms and larger dimensions such social, law, and economy. A system of domination in the world order and injustice today can be found in the global trade context. The regime pioneered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a new order has liberalized parts of the world by offering some beneficial functions and objectives for countries, both North and South. In fact, this order doesn’t always bring benefits for them, especially for less developed countries which mostly come from South. They were exploited and only get little benefits from trade liberalization while developed countries reap many benefits. As a response to the contemporary world, this paper attempts to analyze the sense of the necessity of Bandung Spirit for a genuine postcolonial present and future for South. This paper questions why system of domination still exists today, where hegemonic power in trading system is occupied by North. This paper also questions how the Bandung Spirit needs to be interpreted today because not all normsand values lies within the Bandung Spirit could enable South to solve global problem, especially for trade issues.Keywords: bandung spirit, trade liberalization, south, WTO


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