Effect of bed height and use of hands on trunk angular velocity during the sit-to-stand transfer

Elderly patient falls are expensive and may cause serious harm. Studies have identified the sit-to-stand-and-walk (STSW) task as the task where the greatest number of elderly patient falls occur. There is a great need to identify the particular movement and environmental conditions that lead to these elderly patient falls. This study begins to address this gap by evaluating the elderly patient during self-selected hospital bed egress. Using an observed fall risk episode (FRE) as a fall proxy, statistically significant parameters were identified which include bed height, pausing prior to initiating gait, level of fall risk, and Stand phase. Low bed height was identified as the least safe bed height. Patient-specific bed height (PSBH) using the patient’s lower leg length (LLL) is recommended. In addition, suggested guidelines are presented for clinical application in setting PSBH without measuring the patient’s LLL.

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Day-to-Day Variability and Year-to-Year Reproducibility of Accelerometer-Measured Free-Living Sit-to-Stand Transitions Volume and Intensity among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21186068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (18) ◽

pp. 6068

Author(s):

Antti Löppönen ◽

Laura Karavirta ◽

Erja Portegijs ◽

Kaisa Koivunen ◽

Taina Rantanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Angular Velocity ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Living Environment ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Free Living ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the day-to-day variability and year-to-year reproducibility of an accelerometer-based algorithm for sit-to-stand (STS) transitions in a free-living environment among community-dwelling older adults. (2) Methods: Free-living thigh-worn accelerometry was recorded for three to seven days in 86 (women n = 55) community-dwelling older adults, on two occasions separated by one year, to evaluate the long-term consistency of free-living behavior. (3) Results: Year-to-year intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the number of STS transitions were 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.86, p < 0.001), for mean angular velocity—0.81 (95% ci, 0.72–0.87, p < 0.001), and maximal angular velocity—0.73 (95% ci, 0.61–0.82, p < 0.001), respectively. Day-to-day ICCs were 0.63–0.72 for number of STS transitions (95% ci, 0.49–0.81, p < 0.001) and for mean angular velocity—0.75–0.80 (95% ci, 0.64–0.87, p < 0.001). Minimum detectable change (MDC) was 20.1 transitions/day for volume, 9.7°/s for mean intensity, and 31.7°/s for maximal intensity. (4) Conclusions: The volume and intensity of STS transitions monitored by a thigh-worn accelerometer and a sit-to-stand transitions algorithm are reproducible from day to day and year to year. The accelerometer can be used to reliably study STS transitions in free-living environments, which could add value to identifying individuals at increased risk for functional disability.

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The Natural Sit-to-Stand-Walk of the Frail

Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2019-11889 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dorothy Taylor ◽

Andrew Merryweather ◽

Janice Morse ◽

Bob Wong

Keyword(s):

Biomechanical Model ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Coding System ◽

Initiation Phase ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Bed Height ◽

Preparation Phase ◽

Position Data ◽

Potential Trial ◽

Significant Factors

Abstract Sit-to-stand-walk (STW) is a complex task that sequentially transitions an individual from sitting through standing to walking. In this study we evaluate the unrestricted, natural pattern of movement of the STW task from a hospital bed of 21 (5 Female, 16 Male) frail (MFS > 55) adults (68.0±11.2 years) with a total of 144 unique trials. Bed height (low, medium, high) and bed rail condition (no rails, Hill-Rom®, Stryker®), were varied, generating 9 potential trial types per participant. A new STW phase, Stand Preparation, is defined specifically for the frail that occurs just prior to the Flexion Momentum Phase, also named here as the Stand Initiation Phase. In conjunction with the newly defined Stand Preparation Phase, movements used by the frail to maintain or regain balance during STW task are newly defined as corrective behaviors (CBs). These include hand, foot, leg and torso CBs. In 144 unique STW trials, 678 hand and foot CBs were observed and recorded. The most frequent CB type was the hand CB (335), followed by the foot CB (316). A coding system for use in the kinematic analysis of the natural STW task was developed that identifies CBs through visual observation. In addition, a 3D biomechanical model was generated from collected marker position data and will be used in future biomechanical analyses with the visually observed CB data. The Stand Initiation Phase contained the most CBs. Significant factors included bed height and phase, as well as their interaction (all with p-values ≤ 0.006). This is the first study to establish a more accurate and complete STW of the frail elderly, as well as to define CBs employed during their natural STW. The dataset from this coding system, along with the newly established STW phases of the frail, are currently being used for further analyses to determine the exact timing and position of fall initiations during STW of the frail.

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06 Development of Indexes Derived from Lower Trunk Angular Velocity During Modify Sit-to-Stand Test in the Community Elderly

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv1-iv2

Author(s):

Koyama Shota ◽

Asai Tsuyoshi ◽

Oshima Kensuke ◽

Fukumoto Yoshihiro ◽

Kubo Hiroki

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Motor Function ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Stand Test ◽

Lower Trunk ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Gyro Sensor ◽

Function Tests ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background The sit-to-stand test (STS) is a representative motor test. In most of STS, the time taken to complete the test was used as its score, and its quality of motion has not been focused. In the present study, we measured the lower trunk angular velocity using gyro sensor during STS and computed the angular velocity-based indices (AV-index). We investigated its test-retest reliability and concurrent validity. Method Seventy-eight older people in community-dwelling were participated. Basic-health-related-information and the previous one-year fall-history were obtained by a questionnaire. As motor-function tests, One Leg Standing test (OLS), 3 minutes walking test (3MWT), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were performed. Additionally, Modify Five-Times-STS was performed twice, the lower trunk angular velocity during the tests were measured using gyro sensor. From the obtained-signal waveforms in the sagittal plane (SP), root mean square (RMS) and coefficient of auto correlation (AC), the mean impact at sitting timing (STS impact) in Modify Five-Times-STS were computed. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for the test-retest reliability of the AV-indices. The coefficients of Pearson’s correlation were computed between AV-indices and the Five-Times-STS score, and scores of motor-function tests. Result The ICC of STS impact and RMS in SP were 0.85. The ICC of the other AV-index were lower than 0.5. The RMS in SP was significantly associated with OLS (r = 0.24), and 3MWT (r = 0.36), TUG (r = −0.32). Additionally, the STS impact was significantly associated with 3MWT (r = 0.54). Conclusions The test-retest reliability of two AV-index (STS impact and RMS in SP) is good. The concurrent validity of AV-index is partly confirmed.

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Estimations of relative effort during sit-to-stand increase when accounting for variations in maximum voluntary torque with joint angle and angular velocity

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology ◽

10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.07.002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kathleen A. Bieryla ◽

Dennis E. Anderson ◽

Michael L. Madigan

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Joint Angle ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Maximum Voluntary Torque

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Foot Placement and Arm Position Affect the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test Time of Individuals with Chronic Stroke

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/636530 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Patrick W. H. Kwong ◽

Shamay S. M. Ng ◽

Raymond C. K. Chung ◽

Gabriel Y. F. Ng

Keyword(s):

Test Procedure ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Test Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Foot Placement ◽

Arm Position ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Hands On

Objectives. To investigate the effect of two foot placements (normal or posterior placement) and three arm positions (hands on the thighs, arms crossed over chest, and augmented arm position with elbow extended) on the five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS) test times of individuals with chronic stroke.Design. Cross-sectional study.Setting. University-based rehabilitation clinic.Participants. A convenience sample of community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke(N=45).Methods. The times in completing the FTSTS with two foot placements and the three arm positions were recorded by stopwatch.Results. Posterior foot placement led to significantly shorter FTSTS times when compared with normal foot placement in all the 3 arm positions(P≤0.001). In addition, hands on thigh position led to significantly longer FTSTS times than the augmented arm position(P=0.014).Conclusion. Our results showed that foot placement and arm position could influence the FTSTS times of individuals with chronic stroke. Standardizing the foot placement and arm position in the test procedure is essential, if FTSTS test is intended to be used repeatedly on the same subject.

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Identification of the Biomechanical Parameters of the Riders of Two-Wheeled Vehicles by Means of Vibration Testing

Volume 1: 24th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/detc2012-70054 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Doria ◽

Mauro Tognazzo

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Biomechanical Model ◽

Rigid Bodies ◽

Biomechanical Models ◽

Passive Response ◽

Hands On ◽

Best Fitting ◽

Biomechanical Parameters ◽

Stiffness And Damping ◽

Wheeled Vehicles

In bicycles and motorcycles the mass of the rider is a relevant share of the total mass and the passive response of the rider’s body to vibrations influences the dynamics and stability of the whole system. Therefore advanced models of two-wheeled vehicles have to include a passive biomechanical model of the rider. This paper focuses on the development of biomechanical models able to simulate the response of the rider to yaw and steer oscillations and on the identification of the rider’s body mechanical properties. Rider models composed by some rigid bodies with lumped stiffness and damping elements in the articulations are developed. The inertial properties of the rider’s model are calculated from anthropometric data. The stiffness and damping properties are obtained from laboratory tests in which the rider rides a motorcycle mock-up driven by a hydraulic shaker generating yaw oscillations. The responses of the districts of the human body are measured by means of rate gyros and the frequency response functions (FRFs) between the measured angular velocity and the enforced angular velocity are calculated. The tests are carried out both with the hands on the handle-bar of the motorcycle mock-up and with the raised hands. Biomechanical parameters are identified by means of best fitting techniques. Experimental results relative to 5 riders are presented and the identified biomechanical parameters are discussed. The proposed biomechanical models make it possible to calculate the rider’s response to steer oscillations as well, some results are presented.

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Effectiveness of constrained time of visual data on angular velocity during sit-to-stand movement in three planes

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/9.4/16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 689-691

Author(s):

Mozhgan Faraji Aylar ◽

Faramarz Firouzi ◽

Mandana Rahnama Araghi

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Visual Data ◽

Sit To Stand

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Sit to stand from progressively lower seat heights — alterations in angular velocity

Clinical Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/0268-0033(95)00060-7 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

M. Schenkman ◽

PO Riley ◽

C Pieper

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Sit To Stand

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Zonal and tesseral harmonic perturbations of an artificial satellite

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900105625 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 323-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Garfinkel

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Spherical Harmonics ◽

Artificial Satellite ◽

Compact Form ◽

Earth’S Rotation ◽

Earth's Rotation ◽

Secular Variations ◽

Tesseral Harmonics

The paper extends the known solution of the Main Problem to include the effects of the higher spherical harmonics of the geopotential. The von Zeipel method is used to calculate the secular variations of orderJmand the long-periodic variations of ordersJm/J2andnJm,λ/ω. HereJmandJm,λare the coefficients of the zonal and the tesseral harmonics respectively, withJm,0=Jm, andωis the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation. With the aid of the theory of spherical harmonics the results are expressed in a most compact form.

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