A histochemical study of the hypopharangeal glands of the dwarf honey bees Apis andreniformis and Apis florea

Taste stimuli play vital role in the life of honey bees. Sensory structures observed on tongue of the honey bees with the help of Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have become an important tool in analyzing honey bee biodiversity which offers an advanced diagnostic tool to study honey bee biogeography and determine adaptive variations to native flora. Tongue of honey bees present a high geographic variability in regard to the floral resources visited by the bees. The present study has determined to determine differences in the tongue ofopen-nesting bees by scanning electron microscopy of Apis dorsata and Apis florea. The two bees showed distinct morphological variations with respect to the lapping and sucking apparatus. It was observed that the ridges on the proximal region exhibited rough surface on A.dorsata whereas spinous in case of A.florea. Moreover, the arrangement of hair in the middle part of the tongue also differed in the two species. The shape of flabellum differed in the two species reason being the influence of native flora. It was observed that the shape of flabellum was oval in A.dorsata whereas in A.florea it was triangular. These differences indicated for the role of native flora and honey bee biodiversity.

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Gut Bacterial Inhabitants of Open Nested Honey Bee, Apis Florea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-225332/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

D.N. Ganeshprasad ◽

Kunal Jani ◽

Yogesh S. Shouche ◽

A H Sneharani

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Apis Florea ◽

Culturable Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Environment And Health ◽

Culture Independent ◽

Dominant Bacteria

Abstract Honey bees are complex social system, which are highly dynamic having close interactions with their surrounding environment. Gut microbiota of honey bees has a major role in interaction behavior with its environment and health. Apis florea is the primitive among all the honey bees and are indigenous to Indian subcontinent. The study reports the identification and analysis of bacteria in the gut of wild species of honey bee, Apis florea, by culture-based and culture-independent methods. Cultured bacteria were identified and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. A comprehensive analysis and identification of non-culturable bacteria were performed by 16S rRNA amplicon next generation sequencing. The sequence analysis approach classified gut bacteria into 5 bacterial phyla, 8 families and 10 genera in major. The dominant bacterial taxa identified in Apis florea belonged to Prevotellaceae (52.1%), Enterobacteriaceae (42.7%) and Halobacteriaceae (1.3%). The dominant bacteria belonged to genera of Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, Natronomonas, Methylobacterium, Pantoea, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus and Nitrobacter belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Many of these bacteria identified herewith are not reported for their occurrence in others species of Apis genus making this study of highly relevance with respect to bee microbiome.

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Lack of interspecific parasitism between the dwarf honeybees Apis andreniformis and Apis florea

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ◽

10.1007/s00265-010-0932-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (7) ◽

pp. 1165-1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sitthipong Wongvilas ◽

Jessica S. Higgs ◽

Madeleine Beekman ◽

Wandee Wattanachaiyingcharoen ◽

Sureerat Deowanish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Florea ◽

Apis Andreniformis

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A Review: Honey and Its Nutritional Composition

Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry ◽

10.9734/ajrb/2020/v7i330142 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Sabia Hasam ◽

Deana Qarizada ◽

Muzhda Azizi

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Health Effect ◽

Apis Cerana ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Africanized Honey Bee ◽

Apis Andreniformis ◽

The World ◽

Apis Nigrocincta

Honey is one of the historical natural products produced by honey bees. Humans used it as medicine and protection against some infectious diseases, a honey quale is dependent in its classification of the honey bee. The most famous accomplished honey bees in the world are Africanized honey bee (Apis mellıfera .l), Western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera), Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana), Philippine honey bee (Apis nigrocincta), Koschevnikovs honey bee (A. koschevnikovi), Giant Honeybees (Apis dorsata), Dwarf Honeybees (Apis andreniformis). This study collected the health effect, quality and usage of honey in several industries; also argue about the nutritious value of honey that the most important parts are protein, carbohydrates, vitamin, and minerals. Honey is not only a nutrient it also plays a major role in many other products, uses of honey in cosmetics as a protective and softener of skin, it is used up to 22% in paste masks and mud packs (which are considered rinse-off formulations). Uses of honey in Ayurveda for prevention of irritation, cough, healthy teeth, gums, and boons. Production of honey has been compared in 2013 to 2018, in 2013 the world production of honey was 1,664 thousand tones with an increase of 1/3 in just two decades. China, where manufacturing amounted to 466.3 thousand tons, i.e. approximately 29% of the global volume of output, these are showing that China was the biggest producer of honey in the world but it gets a decrease in 2018 as well as Brazil, America, Russia, Ethiopia, and Iran. And it increases in Turkey, Argentine, India, Mexico, and Poland.

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