Studies of Fruit Development in Relation to Plant Hormones: II. The Effect of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Fruit Set and Fruit Development in Apples

1953 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Luckwill
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Chemically Thinning Spur `Delicious' Apples with Carbaryl, NAA, and Ethephon at Various Stages of Fruit Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Chemical fruit thinners were applied to limbs or whole trees of spur `Delicious' at various stages of fruit development as indicated by fruit diameter. Carbaryl, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and ethephon all reduced fruit set when applied at a fruit diameter of ≈4 to 15 mm. Fruit thinning for NAA and carbaryl, alone or combined, generally was greater when applied at an average fruit diameter of 8 mm, rather than at 4 mm. Repeated applications of NAA or carbaryl were no more effective than single applications. NAA + carbaryl applied at 9 mm was more effective than NAA applied at 4 mm followed by carbaryl at 8 mm. Applied when fruit diameter averaged 17 to 22 mm, ethephon and ethephon + carbaryl were effective fruit thinners. When applied at full bloom to ≈10 and 20 mm, the insecticides ethion and oxamyl, respectively, were effective fruit thinners.

Control of premature fruit drop in Macadamia integrifolia: effects of naphthalene acetic acid application, cincturing, and shoot-tip removal

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Williams
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia

The effects of NAA application, cincturing and shoot-tip removal on the incidence of premature fruit drop were investigated in orchard-grown trees of Macadamia integrifolia cv. Kakea. A single, post-anthesis application of NAA (1 ppm) increased (P < 0.05) the final set of macadamia fruit by 35%. Limb cincturing combined with shoot-tip removal increased (P < 0.05) initial fruit set and possibly final set. Cincturing alone was less effective and shoot-tip removal had no effect alone.

scholarly journals METAMITRON REPLACING CARBARYL IN POST BLOOM THINNING OF APPLE TREES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ LUIZ PETRI ◽  
MARCELO COUTO ◽  
GENTIL CARNEIRO GABARDO ◽  
POLIANA FRANCESCATTO ◽  
FERNANDO JOSÉ HAWERROTH
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Apple Cultivars

ABSTRACT Carbaryl or the mixture of carbaryl with NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) or BA (benzyladenine) are the post-bloom chemical thinners most widely used in apple thinning in Brazil. The marketing restriction of carbaryl demands new options of apple post-bloom thinners, requiring the evaluation of others compounds for this purpose. Metamitron is one of the substances that may be used in chemical thinning of apples. Metamitron was evaluated at two concentrations, alone or in mixture with BA, in ‘MaxiGala’, ‘Fuji Suprema’ and ‘Fred Hough’ apple cultivars. Applications of metamitron at 384 mg L-1 and at 768 mg L-1 in a mixture with BA, ranging from 40 mg L-1 to 80 mg L-1, sprayed on fruits with diameter ranging from 5 to 25 mm were compared with the standard treatment and hand thinning. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4-6 repetitions of a single plant. The variables analyzed were: fruit set (%); percentage of floral clusters with 1, 2, 3, 4 or more fruits; fruit yield (kg); average fruit fresh mass (g) and percentage of dropped fruit after thinning. Metamitron alone or in combination with BA reduced production per plant and significantly increased the fresh weight of fruits in all cultivars tested. Metamitron at 800 mg L-1 resulted in excessive fruit thinning, especially in ‘MaxiGala’ cultivar. Metamitron or metamitron + BA have potential to compose the program of chemical thinning of apple trees to replace carbaryl.

scholarly journals Commercial-scale Use of Hydrogen Cyanamide for Apple and Peach Blossom Thinning

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Randy R. Lee ◽  
Gary A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Commercial Scale

Hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex, 50% a.i.) for blossom thinning `Early Spur Rome' and `Law Rome' apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and `Flavorcrest' peach (Prunus persica L.) was applied with air-blast sprayers on a commercial scale. Full-bloom applications of hydrogen cyanamide at 4 pts formulation per 200 gal/acre (1288 mg·L−1) and 5 pts formulation per 200 gal/acre (1610 mg·L−1) significantly reduced fruit set in apple and peach. In `Early Spur Rome', a postbloom application of carbaryl [Sevin XLR Plus, 4 lb a.i./gal (0.48 kg·L−1)] following a full-bloom spray of hydrogen cyanamide increased fruit thinning with a significant increase in fruit size compared to an application of hydrogen cyanamide alone. In `Law Rome', trees receiving a full-bloom application of hydrogen cyanamide followed by a postbloom application of 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl) + naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) had significantly lower fruit set and larger fruit than those in the carbaryl + NAA treatment. Apples or peaches were not marked by hydrogen cyanamide.

scholarly journals (99) Using Naphthalene Acetic Acid, Prohexadione-Ca, Ethephon, and Scoring to Reduce Vegetative Growth in Upper Canopy of Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030C-1030
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Autio ◽  
James Krupa ◽  
Jon M. Clements ◽  
Duane W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Apple Trees

In 2004, at full bloom, 3-year-old `Cameo'/G.16, `Gala'/M.9 NA-KBT337, `Gala'/G.16, and `Redmax'/B.9 apple trees were treated with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 1.5% in latex paint) in a 7.5-cm band completely around the central leader at the base of 2-year-old wood. NAA treatment reduced 2004 extension growth of the central leader by 14% and total shoot growth above the treatment area by 32%. `Cameo'/G.16 trees also were sprayed with prohexadione-Ca (250 ppm with surfactant and water conditioner) at full bloom, and additional trees were sprayed with ethephon (500 ppm with surfactant) 1 week after full bloom. These spray treatments were made only to the stems and foliage from the base of the central leader's 2-year-old wood to the top of the canopy. Ethephon reduced total shoot growth in 2004 by 26%, and prohexadione-Ca reduced it by 63%. Prohexadione-Ca also reduced fruit set of `Cameo' in 2004. Scoring (single knife cut completely around the circumference of the trunk) at the base of the 2-year-old wood in the `Cameo' trees resulted in a 23% reduction in leader growth and a 22% in totals shoot growth in the upper canopy in 2004. In 2005 at full bloom, 4-year-old `Golden Delicous'/B.9 trees were treated with NAA similarly to trees in 2004, except treatment at the base of 2-year-old wood was compared to treatment at the base of 1-year-old wood. Treating the base of 1-year-old wood reduced growth to a greater degree than comparable treatment at the base of 2-year-old wood. For the 1- and 2-year-old-wood treatments, the number of laterals produced from the 1-year-old wood was reduced 42% and 17%, and total shoot growth from 1-year-old wood was reduced by 49% and 31%, respectively.

FTIR, GC-MS and HPLC analysis of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5059-5066
Author(s):  
Sushma B K ◽  
Raveesha H R
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ester ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ms Analysis

The present work is aimed to determine the chemical constituents in Baliospermum montanum methanolic extracts. An in vitro regenerated procedure was developed for the induction of callus from stem explant cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with various concentration and permutations of 2, 4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, 1-naphthalene acetic acid, 6-benzyl amino purine and gibberellic acid. FTIR &amp; GC-MS analysis was done according to standard procedure. The quantitative estimation of β-sitosterol was done by HPLC method. Maximum fresh and dry weight of callus was estimated in the combination of GA3 (0.5 mg/L) + NAA (2 mg/L) compared to other concentration. The FTIR analysis showed various functional compounds with different characteristic peak values in the extracts. Major bioactive constituents were recognized in the GC-MS analysis. Root extract revealed the existence of 1-hexadecanol, pentanoic acid, 2-(aminooxy)- and 1-hexacosanol. Leaf extract showed the presence of propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, trimethylsilyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, trimethylsilyl ester, docosane, 1,22-dibromo- and pentatriacontane. Stem and stem derived callus exhibit the presence of 1,6,3,4-dihydro-2-deoxy-beta-d-lyxo-hexopyranose, n-hexadecanoic acid and pentanoic acid, 2-(aminooxy). The methanolic extract of leaf exhibited 0.2149 % of β-sitosterol content. There were no peaks observed in the root, stem and stem derived callus. Further studies are necessary for the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from B. montanum.

PENGARUH KOMBINASI INTENSITAS NAUNGAN DENGAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH INDOLE BUTIRIC ACID (IBA), NAPHTHALENE ACETIC ACID (NAA), DAN VITAMIN B1 DALAM AKLIMATISASI PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT GAHARU (Aquilaria beccariana)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daru Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Optimal Formula

The objective of this research is to know the optimal formula of Indole Butiric Acid (IBA), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Vitamine B1 and the combination with shading intensities to the acclimatization of Gaharu stump (Aquilaria beccariana). This research used Factorial Design with basic analysis of Complete Randomized Design in order to know theeffect of treatment. The research was carried out in Agroindustry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Ciampea, Bogor, from July to September 2007. The results of the research showed that after 8 weeks of treatment: (a). The combination of 55 % shading intensity with IBA 15 mg/l + NAA 10 mg/l + Vitamine B1 1 mg/l was the best formula for increasingheight of Gaharu stump 4.660 cm. (b). The combination of 55 % shading intensity with IBA 15 mg/l + NAA 30 mg/l + Vitamine B1 1 mg/l was the best formula for increasing sum of Gaharu leaf stump 12.337 leafs, (c). The combination of 55 % shading intensity with IBA 15 mg/l + NAA 40 mg/l + Vitamine B1 1 mg/l was the best formula for increasing sumof Gaharu root stump 3.783 roots, and (d). The combination of 55 % shading intensity with IBA 15 mg/l + NAA 40 mg/l + Vitamine B1 1 mg/l was the best formula for increasing length of Gaharu root stump 3.686 cm.

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