XIII.—Further new parasitic Copepods found on fish in the Indo-tropical region

Indonesia daerah tropis yang baik untuk perkembangan jenis nyamuk sehingga membahayakan kesehatan. Indonesia kaya tanaman tradisional untuk pengobatan. Salah Satunya Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany (L.)Jacq) pada bagian biji yang digunakan masyarakat untuk pengobatan malaria, diabetes, dan darah tinggi. Kandungan pada biji Mahoni yaitu saponin dan flavanoid dapat digunakan sebagai sediaan obat anti nyamuk. Sampel penelitian ini adalah biji mahoni yang diambil dari Taman Remaja Kota Bengkulu lalu di maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol p.a dan etanol 96% selanjutnya ekstrak dibuat menjadi 3 konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 1%, 3% dan 5%. Kemudian dibuat keping anti nyamuk dan di buat obat anti nyamuknya, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian evalusi ekstrak meliputi uji organoleptis, uji kadar abu dan uji rendemen kemudian pengujian evalusi sediaan yang meliputi uji organoleptis, uji keping anti nyamuk dan uji ketahanan sediaan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, ekstrak metanol biji mahoni dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik sediaan keping nyamuk, Ekstrak biji mahoni berwarna coklat sampai kemerahan, memiliki bau khas (aroma kacang tanah), konsistensi cukup padat sedikit berminyak dan berasa pahit. Uji parameter standar menghasilkan data untuk rendemen sebesar 0,8235% untuk metanol dan 0,6747% untuk etanol, kadar abu untuk metanol 1,249% dan untuk etanol 1,022%. sehingga ekstrak metanol biji mahoni dapat dibuat menjadi sediaan keping anti nyamuk.Indonesia tropical region places the development some mosquitoes that endanger health. Indonesia traditional crops can used for treatment. Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany (L.)Jacq) a plant which usually treatment. Especially part of the seed malaria drugs, diabetes and high blood pseasure.That in the seeds of mahoni there is saponin and flavonid can be used as a mosquito repellent. The sample this research is seeds mahoni taken from the Remaja Bengkulu Pares. Processed maserasi with methanol solvent p.a and ethanol 96% next methanol made to 3 concentration an extract that 1%, 3% and 5%. Created pieces of mosquito repellent and mosquito repellent that followed terts the evaluation of extract. covers organoleptis, ash content and rendemen and testing performed and evaluation dosage, includes organoleptis, pieces mosquito repellent and dosage resutance.Result experiment is extract methanol seeds mahoni 82,35 gram and extract ethanol seeds mahoni 67,47 gram. Extract colored from dark brown to reddish, have peanut like aroma, adequate compact consistency, bitter taste and not sticky in hand. The result of standard quality parameters rendemen extract methanol 0,8235% and rendemen extract ethanol 0,6747%, ash content extract methanol 1,247% and ash content extract ethanol 1,022%. so that the extract of methanol mahogany seeds can made into anti-mosquito

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LC–MS/MS Analysis of Ciguatoxins Revealing the Regional and Species Distinction of Fish in the Tropical Western Pacific

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9030299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Naomasa Oshiro ◽

Takumi Tomikawa ◽

Kyoko Kuniyoshi ◽

Akira Ishikawa ◽

Hajime Toyofuku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

The Philippines ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Northern Coast ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Main Island ◽

Tropical Western Pacific ◽

The Pacific ◽

Fish Samples

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is one of the most frequently reported seafood poisoning diseases. It is endemic to the tropical region and occurs most commonly in the regions around the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea. The principal toxins causing CFP are ciguatoxins (CTXs). In the Pacific region, more than 20 analogs of CTXs have been identified to date. Based on their skeletal structures, they are classified into CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins. We have previously reported species-specific and regional-specific toxin profiles. In this study, the levels and profiles of CTXs in fish present in the tropical western Pacific regions were analyzed using the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique. Forty-two fish specimens, belonging to the categories of snappers, groupers, Spanish mackerel, and moray eel, were purchased from various places such as Fiji, the Philippines, Thailand, and Taiwan. Only the fish captured from Fijian coastal waters contained detectable amounts of CTXs. The toxin levels in the fish species found along the coastal regions of the Viti Levu Island, the main island in Fiji, and the toxin profiles were significantly different from those of the fish species present in other coastal regions. The toxin levels and profiles varied among the different fish samples collected from different coastal areas. Based on the toxin levels and toxin profiles, the coast was demarcated into three zones. In Zone-1, which covers the northern coast of the main island and the regions of the Malake Island and Korovau, CTXs in fish were below the detection level. In Zone-2, CTX3C-type toxins were present in low levels in the fish. CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins co-occurred in the fish present in Zone-3. The toxin profiles may have reflected the variation in Gambierdiscus spp.

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6 Animal performance in grass monoculture or silvopasture systems using tree legumes

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 18-19

Author(s):

Izabela Aline Gomes da Silva ◽

Jose Carlos Batista Dubeux ◽

Alexandre C Leão de Mello ◽

Márcio Vieira da Cunha ◽

Mércia Ferreira dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Management Option ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Silvopasture systems (SPS) area management option to enhance delivery of ecosystem services and diversification of income. This study evaluated productive responses of signalgrass (UrochloadecumbensStapf.) in monoculture or in SPS in the sub-humid tropical region of Brazil during six months of the rainy season. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments were signalgrass + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (SPS-Mimosa); signalgrass + Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) (SPS-Gliricidia); and signalgrass monoculture. Cattle were managed under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. Response variables included herbage mass (HM), herbage accumulation (HA), stocking rate (SR), average daily gain (ADG), and gain per area (GPA). Herbage mass (HM) was greater (P < 0.0001) on signal grass monoculture (2045 kg DM/ha) than in SPS (1370 kg DM/ha, average for both SPS). Herbage accumulation rate was similar for signalgrass in monoculture and SPS-Gliricidia (avg. 61 kg DM ha-1 d-1), and both were greater than SPS-Mimosa (37 kg DM ha-1 d-1). Average daily gain was greater(P < 0.0001) for SPS-Gliricidia (1.1 kg head-1 d-1), followed by signalgrass in monoculture (0.9 kg head-1 d-1), and SPS-Mimosa (0.3 kg head-1 d-1). Stocking rate ranged from 0.6 animal units (1AU = 450-kg animal) per ha in April to 2.2 AUha-1 in June. Stocking rate and animal performance per area were similar for signalgrass in monoculture and SPS-Gliricidia, and both greater than SPS-Mimosa. Gliricidia enhanced animal performance and provided ecosystem services. Mimosa, however, reduced animal performance likely due to the competition with signalgrass. Mimosa trees, however, are an important source of income (timber used for fence posts) and that might overcome the losses in animal performance.

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Pedogenic processes of carbonate rocks in the tropical region as a key for sustainable soil management

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 648 (1) ◽

pp. 012012

Author(s):

A Ahmad ◽

M Farida ◽

C Lopulisa

Keyword(s):

Carbonate Rocks ◽

Soil Management ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Sustainable Soil Management ◽

Pedogenic Processes

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On-The-Move Measurement Analysis for Ka-Band High Throughput Satellite and LiFi Communication Networks in Tropical Region

IEEE Access ◽

10.1109/access.2021.3076484 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

P.M. Kalaivaanan ◽

Aduwati Sali ◽

Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah ◽

Syamsuri Yaakob ◽

Mandeep Jit Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Communication Networks ◽

High Throughput ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Ka Band ◽

Measurement Analysis

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Seasonality and Dynamics of Atmospheric Teleconnection from the Tropical Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific to West Antarctica

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 849

Author(s):

Hyun-Ju Lee ◽

Emilia-Kyung Jin

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Rossby Wave ◽

Tropical Indian Ocean ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Formation Mechanisms ◽

West Antarctica ◽

Background Flow ◽

The Impact ◽

The Western Pacific

The global impact of the tropical Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (IOWP) is expected to increase in the future because this area has been continuously warming due to global warming; however, the impact of the IOWP forcing on West Antarctica has not been clearly revealed. Recently, ice loss in West Antarctica has been accelerated due to the basal melting of ice shelves. This study examines the characteristics and formation mechanisms of the teleconnection between the IOWP and West Antarctica for each season using the Rossby wave theory. To explicitly understand the role of the background flow in the teleconnection process, we conduct linear baroclinic model (LBM) simulations in which the background flow is initialized differently depending on the season. During JJA/SON, the barotropic Rossby wave generated by the IOWP forcing propagates into the Southern Hemisphere through the climatological northerly wind and arrives in West Antarctica; meanwhile, during DJF/MAM, the wave can hardly penetrate the tropical region. This indicates that during the Austral winter and spring, the IOWP forcing and IOWP-region variabilities such as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) modes should paid more attention to in order to investigate the ice change in West Antarctica.

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