The Assessment of Student Teachers’ Academic and Professional Knowledge in School‐Based Teacher Education

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Hegender
Author(s):  
Annfrid R. Steele

There is an increased focus in teacher education on research-based teaching as a means to develop a more research-based professional knowledge. However, research from several Western countries shows that neither school-based nor university-based teachers are familiar with how to integrate research-based knowledge in professional teacher practice. This ALAR-study focuses on how a research and development project has been carried out in tripartite collaboration between student teachers, school-based and university-based teachers. This process initiated mutual learning and understanding of research-based knowledge between the participants in balanced partnership. The present study shows how ALAR can develop partnerships and mutual understanding of research-based knowledge between universities and schools, in respect of student teachers’ professional development.


Author(s):  
Thurídur Jóhannsdóttir

The chapter describes research on the development of teaching and learning in a distance teacher education programme in Iceland. The focus is on challenges that school-based student teachers faced in learning to become online students and the way in which their experience of teaching in schools contributed to the development of teaching and learning in the programme. Cultural-historical activity theory was used for analysing the development of individuals and activity systems as a dialectical process. The expansive learning theory directed the contradiction analysis to reveal tensions and challenges in the development of practice within the programme, as well as future developmental possibilities. Data includes interviews with school-based student teachers and observation of face-to-face sessions, as well as transcriptions of online courses. Results indicate that a combination of non-traditional student groups and new online tools called for changed practice in teacher education and that a new model of teaching and learning is emerging. In order to develop this model, schools and the teacher education faculty need to look at the education of student teachers as a shared responsibility and negotiate acceptable arrangements for the institutions involved.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Judith Harford ◽  
Teresa O'Doherty

Over the last decade, teacher education in Ireland has experienced radical reconceptualization and restructuring at both initial teacher education [ITE] and induction levels, with reform of continuous professional development now in the planning phase. The establishment of the Teaching Council (2006) as a statutory, regulatory body, with a role in the review and accreditation of teacher education, increased the visibility of and policy focus on teacher education. Significant reform of initial teacher education was announced in 2011 that included both an extension of the duration of programmes and, most notably, the period the student teachers were to be engaged in school-based professional development. This increased period has been accompanied by a shift in the understanding of what is involved in practicum and implies a redefinition of the respective roles of the university and the school, and the development of a new form of partnership between both agencies. The period of induction and probation has also become an area of reform with an emphasis on school-based coaching and the evaluation of newly qualified teachers, which devolves decisions on teachers’ full recognition and membership of the profession, to principals and colleagues.This shift, which changes the established approach to induction for primary level teachers, has resulted in the withdrawal of cooperation with this policy by the main teacher union and to the implementation process being stymied. Both policy developments bring the concept of partnership within Irish education into sharp focus: a partnership between schools and universities in ITE, but also partnership in policy development and implementation in the case of induction.


Author(s):  
Thurídur Jóhannsdóttir

The chapter describes research on the development of teaching and learning in a distance teacher education programme in Iceland. The focus is on challenges that school-based student teachers faced in learning to become online students and the way in which their experience of teaching in schools contributed to the development of teaching and learning in the programme. Cultural-historical activity theory was used for analysing the development of individuals and activity systems as a dialectical process. The expansive learning theory directed the contradiction analysis to reveal tensions and challenges in the development of practice within the programme, as well as future developmental possibilities. Data includes interviews with school-based student teachers and observation of face-to-face sessions, as well as transcriptions of online courses. Results indicate that a combination of non-traditional student groups and new online tools called for changed practice in teacher education and that a new model of teaching and learning is emerging. In order to develop this model, schools and the teacher education faculty need to look at the education of student teachers as a shared responsibility and negotiate acceptable arrangements for the institutions involved.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hege Hermansen ◽  
Sølvi Mausethagen

I de senere årene har blant annet norske elevers resultater på internasjonale og nasjonale undersøkelser blitt brukt til å legitimere politiske initiativer for å styrke læreres kunnskap, hvor vektlegging av forskning og elevresultater har stått sentralt. Disse kunnskapsformene, som karakteriseres av å være abstrakte og generiske, står på mange måter i kontrast til de mer kontekstuelle og erfaringsbaserte kunnskapsformene som lenge har stått sentralt i lærer­profesjonen. I denne artikkelen diskuterer vi ulike utfordringer som denne utviklingen skaper, på bakgrunn av læreres oppfatninger og erfaringer rundt disse endringene i deres kunnskapsgrunnlag. Mer spesifikt belyser vi hvordan lærere tilnærmer seg nye kunnskapsformer og setter dem i sammenheng med eksisterende praksis, en prosess vi omtaler som rekontekstualisering. Artikkelen er et teoretisk bidrag som har som formål å belyse læreres samhandling med nye kunnskapsformer. Med støtte i empiri fra to doktorgradsavhandlinger, viser vi hvordan abstrakte kunnskapsformer fordrer at lærerne må utøve et betydelig “oversettelsesarbeid” for at ny kunnskap skal oppleves som relevant. Videre diskuterer vi hvordan dette oversettelsesarbeidet får konsekvenser for hvordan læreres autonomi og ansvarsområder formes, og for hvordan profesjonens kunnskapsbase videreutvikles. Til slutt diskuterer vi implikasjoner for lærer­utdanningen, med vekt på hvordan lærerstudenter kan utvikle et grunnlag for å håndtere dilemmaer i spenningsfeltet mellom profesjonskunnskap, ansvar og autonomi.Nøkkelord: lærerarbeid, profesjonskunnskap, lærerutdanning, læreres kunn­skapsbase, utdanningsreformer, lærerprofesjonalitetAbstract In recent years, Norwegian students’ results on national and international tests have been used to legitimise political initiatives aimed at strengthening teachers’ knowledge, emphasising the importance of research and systematic analysis of student results. These abstract and generic forms of knowledge represent a contrast to the contextual and experience based knowledge that has historically been important in the teaching profession. In this article we discuss some of the challenges associated with this development, based on teachers’ perceptions about and experiences with these changes to their knowledge base. More specifically, we examine how teachers approach new forms of knowledge and relate them to existing forms of practice, a process we refer to as recontextualisation. The article is a theoretical contribution which aims to shed light on teachers’ interactions with new forms of knowledge. Using data from two PhD dissertations as empirical illustrations, we show how abstract forms of knowledge require that teachers conduct significant “translation work” for new knowledge resources to be experienced as relevant to established practice. We also discuss the implications of these processes of translation for how teachers’ autonomy and responsibilities are shaped, and for how the profession’s knowledge base is developed. Finally, we outline implications for teacher education, emphasising how student teachers can develop a basis for handling dilemmas that emerge from the tensions between professional knowledge, responsibility and autonomy.Keywords: professional knowledge, teacher education, teachers’ knowledge base, educational reforms, teacher professionalism


2016 ◽  
pp. 1331-1348
Author(s):  
Thurídur Jóhannsdóttir

The chapter describes research on the development of teaching and learning in a distance teacher education programme in Iceland. The focus is on challenges that school-based student teachers faced in learning to become online students and the way in which their experience of teaching in schools contributed to the development of teaching and learning in the programme. Cultural-historical activity theory was used for analysing the development of individuals and activity systems as a dialectical process. The expansive learning theory directed the contradiction analysis to reveal tensions and challenges in the development of practice within the programme, as well as future developmental possibilities. Data includes interviews with school-based student teachers and observation of face-to-face sessions, as well as transcriptions of online courses. Results indicate that a combination of non-traditional student groups and new online tools called for changed practice in teacher education and that a new model of teaching and learning is emerging. In order to develop this model, schools and the teacher education faculty need to look at the education of student teachers as a shared responsibility and negotiate acceptable arrangements for the institutions involved.


Author(s):  
José Alexandre Pinto

Teacher training processes must incorporate a reflective dimension as a strategy for professional development. The pursuit of a professional identity and the need to give personal meaning to theoretical principles grounds the emergence of young teachers' reflection. In this chapter, multimodal narrative (MN) is presented as a tool to support reflexive approaches in the development of teachers' professional knowledge. The data collected about the perspectives of student teachers and supervisors who experienced the use of MN show the interest of these actors about the tool and about the processes of its use. This chapter presents and discusses constraints identified throughout the pilot study of using a MN in teacher training that the authors developed. It also presents a proposal for the use of MN in the context of initiation of the professional practice that includes an adapted version of the MN tool and a phased process of its use.


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