scholarly journals Når kunnskap blir styrende: Læreres rekontekstualisering av nye kunnskapsformer

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hege Hermansen ◽  
Sølvi Mausethagen

I de senere årene har blant annet norske elevers resultater på internasjonale og nasjonale undersøkelser blitt brukt til å legitimere politiske initiativer for å styrke læreres kunnskap, hvor vektlegging av forskning og elevresultater har stått sentralt. Disse kunnskapsformene, som karakteriseres av å være abstrakte og generiske, står på mange måter i kontrast til de mer kontekstuelle og erfaringsbaserte kunnskapsformene som lenge har stått sentralt i lærer­profesjonen. I denne artikkelen diskuterer vi ulike utfordringer som denne utviklingen skaper, på bakgrunn av læreres oppfatninger og erfaringer rundt disse endringene i deres kunnskapsgrunnlag. Mer spesifikt belyser vi hvordan lærere tilnærmer seg nye kunnskapsformer og setter dem i sammenheng med eksisterende praksis, en prosess vi omtaler som rekontekstualisering. Artikkelen er et teoretisk bidrag som har som formål å belyse læreres samhandling med nye kunnskapsformer. Med støtte i empiri fra to doktorgradsavhandlinger, viser vi hvordan abstrakte kunnskapsformer fordrer at lærerne må utøve et betydelig “oversettelsesarbeid” for at ny kunnskap skal oppleves som relevant. Videre diskuterer vi hvordan dette oversettelsesarbeidet får konsekvenser for hvordan læreres autonomi og ansvarsområder formes, og for hvordan profesjonens kunnskapsbase videreutvikles. Til slutt diskuterer vi implikasjoner for lærer­utdanningen, med vekt på hvordan lærerstudenter kan utvikle et grunnlag for å håndtere dilemmaer i spenningsfeltet mellom profesjonskunnskap, ansvar og autonomi.Nøkkelord: lærerarbeid, profesjonskunnskap, lærerutdanning, læreres kunn­skapsbase, utdanningsreformer, lærerprofesjonalitetAbstract In recent years, Norwegian students’ results on national and international tests have been used to legitimise political initiatives aimed at strengthening teachers’ knowledge, emphasising the importance of research and systematic analysis of student results. These abstract and generic forms of knowledge represent a contrast to the contextual and experience based knowledge that has historically been important in the teaching profession. In this article we discuss some of the challenges associated with this development, based on teachers’ perceptions about and experiences with these changes to their knowledge base. More specifically, we examine how teachers approach new forms of knowledge and relate them to existing forms of practice, a process we refer to as recontextualisation. The article is a theoretical contribution which aims to shed light on teachers’ interactions with new forms of knowledge. Using data from two PhD dissertations as empirical illustrations, we show how abstract forms of knowledge require that teachers conduct significant “translation work” for new knowledge resources to be experienced as relevant to established practice. We also discuss the implications of these processes of translation for how teachers’ autonomy and responsibilities are shaped, and for how the profession’s knowledge base is developed. Finally, we outline implications for teacher education, emphasising how student teachers can develop a basis for handling dilemmas that emerge from the tensions between professional knowledge, responsibility and autonomy.Keywords: professional knowledge, teacher education, teachers’ knowledge base, educational reforms, teacher professionalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Marianne Leikvoll Eide ◽  
May-Britt Revheim Brekke ◽  
Asle Holthe

I denne artikkelen settes søkelyset på praksissamtalen som gjennomføres når lærerstudenter er i praksis. Studentgruppen møter praksislærer på praksisskolen og faglærer fra høgskolen etter en planlagt og gjennomført undervisningsøkt. En av intensjonene i en integrert lærerutdanning er å utvikle lærerprofesjonalitet ved å koble praksis og teori.Gjennom fokusgruppeintervju med to studentgrupper undersøkte vi problemstillingen: Hvordan opplever og forstår lærerstudentene praksissamtalens hensikt, innhold og kontekst? Teoretisk utgangspunkt for analysen var ulike tilnærminger til profesjoners kunnskapsgrunnlag og litteratur om relasjonsaspektet i faglige dialoger.Studentenes sterke vektlegging av relasjonelle og emosjonelle aspekter ved praksissamtalens kontekst og deres manglende forståelse av teoriens plass i samtalen, var iøynefallende i dette datamaterialet. Deres forståelse av praksis og teori som to atskilte verdener bekreftet tidligere undersøkelser. Resultatene viser at utfordringer og støtte må balanseres i den faglige praksissamtalen, slik at det relasjonelle aspektet bidrar til å fremme, ikke hemme, faglige utfordringer i samtalen.Med utgangspunkt i resultatene drøftes studentenes behov for trygghet og trivsel og deres sårbarhet i veiledningssamtaler, opp mot behovet for utvikling av lærerprofesjonalitet gjennom profesjonens allsidige kunnskapsgrunnlag. Artikkelen argumenterer for at det å utfordre kan være en form for støtte, og at ulike kunnskapsformer bør praktiseres i en dialogisk praksissamtale for at studentene skal oppleve helhet og sammenheng i lærerutdanningen.Nøkkelord: praksissamtale, lærerutdanning, lærerprofesjonalitet, teori/praksis, kunnskapsformer, dialogAbstractThis article focuses on the student-supervisor conversations that take place when student teachers are out in practice. Following planned teaching sessions at their practice schools, student groups meet with their practice-training supervisors and subject teachers from the college. This helps to fulfil one of the aims of an integrated teacher education programme, which is to develop teacher pro¬fessionalism by connecting practice and theory.Based on focus-group interviews with two student groups, we investigated the question: How do student teachers experience and perceive the purpose of the student-supervisor conversations in practice – the content and context? The theoretical basis for the analysis was various approaches to the knowledge basis of professions, and literature about issues of relations in professional conversations.A striking feature of the material was the great stress the students placed on the relational and emotional aspects of the student-supervisor conversations, and their lack of understanding of the role of theory in the conversation. Their perception of practice and theory as two distinct worlds confirms earlier research findings. The results reveal that there must be a balance between challenges and support in the professional conversations, so that the relational aspect can help to promote rather than inhibit discussions of professional challenges.Based on the results, the discussion highlights the students’ need for security and well-being, and their vulnerability in the supervision conversations, juxtaposed to the need to develop teacher professionalism founded on the profession’s comprehensive knowledge base. This article argues that challenging may be a kind of support, and that both practical and theoretical forms of knowledge are important if students are to experience the totality and connections within teacher education in a dialogical student-supervisor conversation.Keywords: student-supervisor conversation, teacher education, teacher pro-fessionalism, theory/practice, forms of knowledge, dialogue


Author(s):  
Jane Abbiss ◽  
Eline Vanassche

A review of the field of practice-focused research in Initial Teacher Education (ITE) reveals four broad genres of qualitative research: case studies of teacher education programs and developments; research into student teacher experience and learning; inquiry into teacher educators’ own learning, identity, and beliefs; and conceptual or theory-building research. This is an eclectic field that is defined by variation in methodologies rather than by a few clearly identifiable research approaches. What practice-focused research in ITE has in common, though, is a desire on the behalf of teacher educator researchers to understand the complexity of teacher education and contribute to shifts in practice, for the benefit of student teachers and, ultimately, for learners in schools and early childhood education. In this endeavor, teacher educator researchers are presented with a challenge to achieve a balance between goals of local relevance and making a theoretical contribution to the broader field. This is a persistent tension. Notwithstanding the capacity for practice-focused research to achieve a stronger balance and greater relevance beyond the local, key contributions of practice-focused research in ITE include: highlighting the importance of context, questioning what might be understood by “improvement” in teacher education and schooling, and pushing back against research power structures that undervalue practice-focused research. Drawing on a painting metaphor, each genre represents a collection of sketches of practice-focused research in ITE that together provide the viewer with an overview of the field. However, these genres are not mutually exclusive categories as any particular research study (or sketch) might be placed within one or more groupings; for example, inquiry into teacher educators’ own learning often also includes attention to student teachers’ experiences and case studies of teacher education initiatives inevitably draw on theory to frame the research and make sense of findings. Also, overviewing the field and identifying relevant research is not as simple as it might first appear, given challenges in identifying research undertaken by teacher educators, differences in the positioning of teacher educators within different educational systems, and privileging of American (US) views of teacher education in published research, which was counteracted in a small way in this review by explicitly including voices located outside this dominant setting. Examples of different types of qualitative research projects illustrate issues in teacher education that matter to teacher educator researchers globally and locally and how they have sought to use a variety of methodologies to understand them. The examples also show how teacher educators themselves define what is important in teacher education research, often through small-scale studies of context-specific teacher education problems and practices, and how there is value in “smaller story” research that supports understanding of both universals and particularities along with the grand narratives of teacher education.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Serrano Rodríguez ◽  
Alfonso Pontes Pedrajas ◽  
Elisa Pérez Gracia

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to know student teachers’ beliefs on the teaching profession as well as its relation with diverse teaching methods. A Likert scale questionnaire collected the opinions of 361 students enrolled in the master’s degree in secondary education teacher training. A descriptive methodology was applied through a questionnaire in order to collect the data. The most extended beliefs concerning the teaching profession are identified, emphasising future teachers’ interests in more practical teaching and student-centred approach. This investigation highlights the importance of including within the curriculum of pre-service secondary education teachers, activities that enable students reflect about their own beliefs regarding the teaching profession for the reasons that they are decisive to introduce changes in the teacher training curriculum.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Anselmo Guilherme ◽  
Valderez Marina do Rosário Lima ◽  
Rosana Maria Gessinger

Abstract This article critically discusses the topic of professional knowledge in teacher education through the lenses of Ilan Gur-Ze'ev's counter-education. It is based on a study investigating how professional knowledge building evolves through written reflections, examining the development of professional identity in the context of a course in an undergraduate teacher education course in Brazil. The research’s findings demonstrate that students gained an awareness of the potential that teaching and learning activities have for the development of concepts about the teaching profession, leading to the strengthening of their professional identity as future teachers and as what Gur-Ze'ev called 'improviser-teacher'.


JET ADI BUANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Siyaswati Siyaswati ◽  
Dyah Rochmawati

The present study describes the development of a course module on Entrepreneurship-Based Translation and Interpretation Skills for the students of English Language Teacher Education Department. The module was inspired by empirical research findings about the knowledge base of student teachers. It was created and refined during its three-year application will be reflected upon here, including feedback collected from student evaluation sheets. In the end, the participants responded positively to the course module. The students stated that the module was interesting, relevant and valuable for their later profession. They also emphasized that they now felt more competent in the area of Translation and Interpretation Skills and entrepreneurship.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdu Kisige ◽  
Betty Akullu Ezati ◽  
Alice Merab Kagoda

Developing a teacher education curricular content is an enduring concern for teacher educators. A continuous method to providing quality teacher education curriculum content discloses the potential for teacher educators to produce high-quality teachers. Drawing on data from twenty teacher educators and sixteen student teachers in public institutions in Uganda, this article explored the perceptions of the teacher education curriculum content held by academic staff and student teachers in public Universities in Uganda. Using Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model as a tentative model of teacher preparation and Constructivism theory as an interpretive framework, the study was guided by one objective namely: (1) to analyze the perception of internal stakeholders about teacher education curriculum content offered in Makerere and Kyambogo Universities. This research adopted a qualitative, multiple case study design that was anchored in the interpretivist paradigm and directed by the social constructivism thinking. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews were participants from twenty teacher educators and sixteen student teachers who were purposively and conveniently selected. It was therefore concluded that both lecturers and student teachers viewed teacher education curriculum content positively viewing it as enabling learners to be equipped with specialized teaching skills, essentially directed towards teaching profession. Thus, recommendations to improve the stakeholder perception of the teacher education curriculum content are made and these include: teacher education curriculum review and the need to design a 21st-century teacher education curriculum by teacher trainers in corroboration with other university units rendering a training service to teacher trainees. This would bridge the gap of the disjointed teacher education curriculum content at Makerere and Kyambogo Universities hence strengthening the building blocks that produce a teacher.


Author(s):  
Gara Latchanna ◽  
Mittireddy Venkataramana ◽  
Abebe Garedew

The paper attempts to provide a snapshot of the current practices in the Professional Development of Teachers (PDoT) in four selected countries namely, Ethiopia, Finland, India and Singapore. PDoT has been analysed in the form of a continuum of Initial Teacher Education (ITE), Induction and Continuous Professional Development (CPD). The survey of literature revealed that for ITE in two countries, i.e. Ethiopia and India, the system was unable to attract competent applicants, as a result ofwhich the professional competence of teachers suffered. On the other hand, Finland and Singapore were the epitomes of having effective ITE system. The ability to attract candidates with high potential into ITE, right amount of emphasis on theory and practice in ITE programmes, the existence of effective CPD and rigorous professional development community involving the ministry of education, universities of teacher education and schools, and high prestige for the teaching profession enabled Finland and Singapore to be the star performers in PDoT. In Finland, the provision of one-year CPD training on special needs education to all teachers and professional autonomy to teachers were the salient features whereas in Singapore, a monthly stipend for student teachers during initial teacher education and multifarious career tracks for the teacher were a few additional features. 'This survey of literature has presented significant lessons drawn from eachrespective country regardingpractices in PDoT.


2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Manivannan ◽  
K. S. Premila

The indomitable spirit of higher education paves the way for the growth of a nation in the political, economic, social, intellectual and spiritual dimensions. Teacher education is one of the areas in higher education which trains student-teachers in pedagogy, which in turn helps them to train the young minds of educational institutions. The “Fate of the nation is decided in the classroom,” is a remark made by the Education Commission of India. Such classrooms are created by committed and dedicated teachers. These teachers are trained in teacher education institutions. Teacher education institutions should maintain quality to ensure the academic excellence of trainees who come into the teaching profession. Quality is a comparative standard prescribed for those institutions that are on the quest for output brilliance. Quality assurance in teacher education reflects on the high profile of the institution and the competency of student-teachers. The present study on the application of principals of TQM in teacher education institutions in India has exposed the tangibility of institutions in the perception of teachers based on eleven quality indicators, such as principal as leader, teacher quality, linkage and interface, students, co-curricular activities, teaching, office management, relationships, material resources, examinations and job satisfaction. A total of nine colleges of education was selected to collect data. The exploratory technique under the survey method of research design was used for the study. A tool - ‘Teacher Institutional Profile’ (TIP) - was constructed, standardized and used for data collection. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were made for finding and interpreting results. The findings focus on the strong and weak areas of various teacher education institutions according to the quality indicators. The study recommends further strengthening of quality indicators, which are already strong, and the revamping of weaker quality indicators. It is also recommended that institutions should adhere to the quality standards set by national and international assessment and accreditation bodies. In conclusion, the global scenario expects skilled teachers to produce students with a versatile personality for which teacher education should be strengthened.


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