Masa Depan Kerja Sama Selatan-Selatan: Diantara Solidaritas dan Kepentingan

The phenomenon of 1950s-1970s showed that material, financial, and technical assistance had been provided between developing countries. South-south cooperation (KSS) is one of the modalities of international development cooperation between developing countries to healp each other through mutual learning, sharing of experiences, and transfer of knowledge mechanisms in order to achieve mutual prosperity. The demand-driven pattern distinguishes SSC from other collaborations so that SSC considered as more prospective approach. There is no one-size-fits-all approach but it based on the needs of partner countries. By the time, SSC is no longer limites to the Asia-Africa context and as a progressive collaboration. By using descriptive qualitative methods and international regimes as an analytical framweork, the aim of this research is to show position that should be taken by SSC members in the middle of shifting of international order in which solidarity and acting collectively must be maintained. In the midst of various challenges such as the me-first policy, bilateral and regional approaches, new southern policy, and no single domination approach, SSC still has to maintain the principle of solidarity

Reciprocal Innovation: A New Approach to Equitable and Mutually Beneficial Global Health Research and Partnership

Background: Global health researchers and partnerships often discount the potential for mutual learning and benefit to address shared health challenges across high and low- and middle-income settings. Drawing from a 30-year partnership called AMPATH that started between Indiana University in the US and Moi University in Kenya, we describe an innovative approach and program for mutual learning and benefit coined “reciprocal innovation.” In this paper, we define reciprocal innovation and identify its core principles with illustrative examples and describe building a reciprocal innovation program established in 2018 at the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI).Results: Reciprocal innovation harnesses a bidirectional, co-constituted, and iterative exchange of ideas, resources, and innovations to address shared health challenges across diverse global settings. The success of the AMPATH partnership in western Kenya, particularly in the areas of HIV/AIDS and community health, resulted in several innovations in Kenya being “brought back” to the US. To facilitate and promote the bidirectional flow of learning and innovations, the Indiana CTSI reciprocal innovation program hosts annual meetings (hosted in Indiana and Kenya) of multinational researchers and practitioners to identify shared health challenges across diverse global settings and facilitate partnership building and collaboration. The program supports pilot grants for projects that demonstrate reciprocal exchange and benefit. The program has produced a wealth of educational materials, including videos, webinars and an online dashboard, to train investigators on reciprocal innovation approaches in global health. Lessons learned in building a reciprocal innovation program include increasing awareness of reciprocal approaches among investigators and in supporting collaboration for global–local research. While many global health investigators have strong collaborators with international partners, a challenge has been partnering with “local” Indiana researchers to create reciprocal learning and benefit. Conclusions: The transformative power of global health to address systemic health inequities embraces equitable and reciprocal partnerships with mutual benefit across countries and communities of academics, practitioners, and policymakers, as demonstrated through a reciprocal innovation approach. Leveraging a long-standing partnership, the Indiana CTSI has built a reciprocal innovation program with promise to redefine global health for shared wellbeing at a truly global scale.

A Genealogy of Breakthroughs

Wong Tsing-yi (1869–1903) was a third-generation Christian woman from a South China family. Focusing on her life story, this study aims to show how her family’s connection and interactions with western missionaries generated new resources for her to reimagine family relations, learning, and social and gender roles, thereby transgressing prevalent social norms. Using the Chronicles of Wong’s family and missionary writings, this study demonstrates how interactions and exchanges with missionaries in practice far transcended the binary view of the hegemonic transmitter and passive receptor. Through a sustained process of exchanges, the family and missionaries engendered a new culture of mutual learning that gave rise to a genealogy of breakthroughs.

Participatory design of a digital platform for cardiovascular disease self-management: mutual learning through an iterative development process (Preprint)

BACKGROUND People living with cardiovascular disease (CVD) require flexible self-management support for health behaviour change for CVD secondary prevention. Digital health interventions can assist with these complex self-management activities. Many stakeholder groups can be involved in digital health design, including people living with CVD (users), researchers, healthcare professionals and technology developers. However, decision-making and aligning views can be difficult to negotiate within interdisciplinary teams, so the use of appropriate methodological strategies is vital. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to design and develop Salvio, and to reflect on the methodological considerations that were the driving forces of this participatory design process. METHODS A triangulation of research methods was used for this iterative development process. Participatory design approaches used included guided group discussions, activity-based workshops, and think-aloud tasks. Data collection was supported by self-efficacy theory to encourage user contributions. Over a 12-month period, participants met at various time points to collectively design and develop Salvio. Workshops were 2-3 hours in length and were facilitated in small groups of 4-6 participants per session. All sessions were audio-recorded, central parts of workshop conversations were transcribed, and qualitative content analysis of data was undertaken. RESULTS Users (n=8) worked collaboratively with researchers (n=6) and technology developers (n=7). Findings indicated that it was critical to include an interdisciplinary team with a wide range of expertise, to build a meaningful and flexible digital platform. Effective methodological strategies were essential for genuine participation and continuous conflict resolution. Our research highlighted key elements that added to the success of this co-design process including i) the creation of a collaborative space where all voices were acknowledged and considered and ii) the effective translation of information during decision-making stages. CONCLUSIONS Future research is needed to expand and evaluate participatory design tools and techniques which challenge the power relations between users and other stakeholders. By exploring methods that create space for mutual learning and resolving conflict through systematic decision-making, complex digital platforms for health behaviour change can be successfully developed with diverse groups. It is clear that flexible digital platforms may be valuable to users, but further research will also be required for the successful implementation and knowledge translation of these contemporary developments.

Enhancing the benefits of group involvement in research

Research can facilitate mutual learning, allow participants’ voices to be heard, increase practical usefulness of studies and foster empowerment. This paper discusses ways that groups can take part in research, outlines advantages and limits of each and explores strategies for enhancing benefits. This content is illustrated with brief examples from recent research publications and from two longer case studies. Groups and members can be involved as participants or co-producers of research. As participants, they either act as research subjects by contributing data, or as collaborators who are consulted at various times to help keep a study relevant to community issues. Being a subject offers an opportunity to reflect and share views, while collaborators and researchers can learn from working together. Though collaborators can exert influence, they have little control over decisions around focus, design, methods or dissemination of a study. Co-producing knowledge offers community groups more power, learning and empowerment but requires high levels of mutual trust, commitment and persistence. Potential gains and risks increase as involvement intensifies. However, researchers can enhance benefits at any level, by keeping this goal in mind when planning studies.

Mutual Learning for Policy Impact: Insights from CORE. Adapting research methods in the context of Covid-19

On 25 November 2021, the CORE Knowledge Translation Services team at the Institute of Development Studies, UK, hosted an online clinic session to facilitate the sharing of experiences and mutual learning on how CORE projects have or can adapt their research activities in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The clinic was attended by 22 CORE members from 12 projects and featured contributions from two CORE projects: The Youth Question in Africa: Impact, Response and Protection Measures in the IGAD Region and A New Digital Deal for an Inclusive Post-Covid-19 Social Compact: Developing Digital Strategies for Social and Economic Reconstruction. This learning guide captures the practical insights and advice from the event, to help inform the practice of participants and other projects across the portfolio.

Triangular Cooperation: Different Approaches, Same Modality

Triangular cooperation aims to utilise the comparative advantages of a pivotal partner (usually an emerging country) and a facilitating partner (usually a traditional donor) to generate development impacts with and for the benefit of a beneficiary, through simultaneously strengthening their partnership and providing opportunities for mutual learning. Utilising the triangular cooperation modality, China has acted primarily as a pivotal partner, implementing projects with facilitating partners and beneficiaries. Roles and responsibilities between China and facilitating partners differ greatly. Three approaches can be distinguished: (a) facilitating partner provides financial resources and China provides expertise; (b) China provides financial resources and facilitating partner implements; (c) China and facilitating partner provide financial resources and jointly plan and implement together with the beneficiary. This article argues that approach (c), currently practised in triangular cooperation projects between China, Germany, and beneficiary countries provides the partners with the most potential for effectively generating developmental impacts and partnership effects.

Mutual Learning in Development Cooperation: China and the West

This article looks at some of the characteristics of China’s foreign aid system and its development over the years. It discusses China’s foreign aid based on its own development experiences and its view of South–South development cooperation. Both the modalities and narratives of China’s international development cooperation need to be considered in order to better understand the complexities, strengths, and weaknesses of its aid system. As China’s international aid continues to grow and become more prominent, particularly in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, the article calls for a deeper understanding of China’s aid institutions and the need for greater cooperation and capacity building.