Response Selection in Spatial Choice Reaction: Further Evidence against Associative Models

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Choice Reaction Task ◽  
Alternative Responses ◽  
Associative Models ◽  
Reaction Task

In a “consistent” spatial choice reaction task the same spatial relationship obtains between each stimulus and its correct response. In an “inconsistent” task this is not so. While Duncan (1977a) found both easy (spatially corresponding) and difficult (spatially opposite) responses to be slowed in inconsistent tasks, Smith (1977) found this only for the corresponding responses, the reverse holding for opposites. Reasons for this discrepancy are examined. The result of Smith (1977) depends on the use of different numbers of alternative responses in consistent and inconsistent tasks, a situation allowing no useful comparison between the two. Effects of consistency are related to others in the literature. The general conclusion is that, in these tasks, response selection is based not on a list of associations between individual stimuli and responses, but on operations or rules each of which will generate a set of stimulus–response pairs.

Response Selection Errors in Spatial Choice Reaction Tasks

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Generating Sets ◽  
Choice Reaction Task ◽  
Reaction Task

In a “Consistent” spatial choice reaction task, the same spatial relationship obtains between each stimulus and its appropriate response. In an “Inconsistent” task this is not so. The present experiment concerns errors in Inconsistent tasks. Duncan (in press) has suggested that, when two spatial S-R relationships are involved in a task, the dominant type of error is a response bearing to the stimulus the wrong one of the two relationships. Duncan's results, however, may be described by a different generalization. Rabbitt and Vyas (1973) have suggested that confusions occur between responses which, when made correctly, bear similar spatial relationships to their stimuli. In the present experiment, a new Inconsistent task is studied. The results support the account of Duncan (in press) but provide no support for that of Rabbitt and Vyas (1973). Partly on the basis of error results, Duncan (in press) proposed a model of response selection in the spatial choice reaction task. Unlike previous accounts, this model is not based on a set of individual “S—R” associations; operations generating sets of S—R pairs are involved.

Interactions between Alcohol, Task Difficulty, and Compatibility in a Choice-Reaction Task

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon H. Robinson ◽  
Warren J. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Choice Reaction Task ◽  
Response Alternatives ◽  
Reaction Task

This experiment examined the effects of alcohol stress on choice reaction-time tasks of differing difficulty (response alternatives) and compatibility (stimulus-response mapping). Performance decrement under alcohol stress depended on the interaction of task difficulty and compatibility, low compatibility having a larger effect in more difficult tasks.

Effects of psychological pressure on motor cortex excitability and EMG activity in a choice reaction task

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e242-e243
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Tanaka ◽  
Kozo Funase ◽  
Hiroshi Sekiya ◽  
Joyo Sasaki ◽  
Yufu M. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Choice Reaction Task ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Reaction Task

scholarly journals Tracking Keystroke Sequences at the Cortical Level Reveals the Dynamics of Serial Order Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pinet ◽  
Gary S. Dell ◽  
F.-Xavier Alario
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Inhibitory Component ◽  
Cortical Level ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
Alternative Responses ◽  
Inhibition Pattern ◽  
Eeg Pattern ◽  
Activation Component

Response selection is often studied by examining single responses, although most actions are performed within an overarching sequence. Understanding processes that order and execute items in a sequence is thus essential to give a complete picture of response selection. In this study, we investigate response selection by comparing single responses and response sequences as well as unimanual and bimanual sequences. We recorded EEG while participants were typing one- or two-keystroke sequences. Irrespective of stimulus modality (visual or auditory), response-locked analysis revealed distinct contralateral and ipsilateral components previously associated with activation and inhibition of alternative responses. Unimanual sequences exhibited a similar activation/inhibition pattern as single responses, but with the activation component of the pattern expressed more strongly, reflecting the fact that the hand will be used for two strokes. In contrast, bimanual sequences were associated with successive activation of each of the corresponding motor cortices controlling each keystroke and no traceable inhibitory component. In short, the activation component of the two-keystroke sequence EEG pattern can be understood from the addition of activation components of single-stroke sequences; the inhibition of the hand not being used is only evidenced when that hand is not planned for the next stroke.

Flanker and Simon effects interact at the response selection stage

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1784-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Treccani ◽  
Roberto Cubelli ◽  
Sergio Della Sala ◽  
Carlo Umiltà
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Correspondence Effects ◽  
Correspondence Effect ◽  
Accessory Stimulus ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Referential Coding ◽  
Selection Stage ◽  
Effect Experiment

The present study aimed at investigating the processing stage underlying stimulus–stimulus (S–S) congruency effects by examining the relation of a particular type of congruency effect (i.e., the flanker effect) with a stimulus–response (S–R) spatial correspondence effect (i.e., the Simon effect). Experiment 1 used a unilateral flanker task in which the flanker also acted as a Simon-like accessory stimulus. Results showed a significant S–S Congruency × S–R Correspondence interaction: An advantage for flanker–response spatially corresponding trials was observed in target–flanker congruent conditions, whereas, in incongruent conditions, there was a noncorresponding trials’ advantage. The analysis of the temporal trend of the correspondence effects ruled out a temporal-overlap account for the observed interaction. Moreover, results of Experiment 2, in which the flanker did not belong to the target set, demonstrated that this interaction cannot be attributed to perceptual grouping of the target–flanker pairs and referential coding of the target with respect to the flanker in the congruent and incongruent conditions, respectively. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a response selection account of congruency effects: Both the position and the task-related attribute of the flanker would activate the associated responses. In noncorresponding-congruent trials and corresponding-incongruent trials, this would cause a conflict at the response selection stage.

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