Semarang Flash Flood 1990

This article entitled "Semarang Flash Flood 1990" is a historical study of the environment. This research using historical method. This approach uses environmental history that refers to the impact of floods that are natural events that occur in an area that cause the impact of both casualties. From the research shows that the cause of flash flood disasters in Semarang is the environmental damaged in the Kaligarang River flow and the reduction of the recharge areas resulting from the development. Floods will have social impacts in the community that cause loss and loss of life. On January 27 the death toll was 47 deaths and on January 29, 1990 the number of victims increased by 76 people. The government launched a strategy to quickly help flood victims to disaster preparedness posts. The government's response set a relocation resettlement area in Sadeng Village, Gunungpati District, and the location will be used as a reforestation area for the surrounding community.

Travel Through Time: From 9/11 to COVID-19, Parallel Predictive Analysis of Travel Marketing

The events of 9/11 drastically changed the state of the nation across many industry sectors, with the tourism industry among those most affected. Following that horrific day, the nation experienced heightened security measures and protocol, such that the travel industry and travelers would never look the same. People were fearful and anxious, and the tourism industry had to take quick, effective measures to evaluate the consumer response, set a marketing strategy, and promote within a changed national ethos and expectations. COVID-19 is a similar catastrophic, global, and long-term crisis that set our nation on a similarly drastic change in practice and protocol; fear and anxiety were higher than ever. COVID-19 and 9/11 are highly comparable in their market response. By comparing the two events and analyzing the consumer response and advertising messaging, specifically during the stay at home order, a theme and direction for messaging within the travel industry post-COVID-19 can be predicted based on the culture and spirit of The American Dream, confidence in safety, we are in this together, support local tourism, explore your city in a new way, and connect with those you missed. KEYWORDS: COVID-19; 9/11; Post-pandemic; Advertising; Travel; Prediction; Messaging; Consumer Response; Marketing; Analysis

A-054 Deficit in Custained Attention in Children Born with Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy

Objective There are evidences that children, born with Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE), have a delay in the development of neurocognitive functions, specifically they have a deficit in executive abilities. Do they have global or specific deficit in executive abilities? The goal of this research was to examine the hypothesis that children, born with HIE, have a deficit in sustained attention. Methods The experimental group included 20 children aged 5-6 years (mean age = 5.7). They were born full-term with perinatal Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy. The control group included 20 typically developing children. The children from experimental and control group were matched for gender and age. Children from both groups were assessed with 4 subtests from NEPSY (Tower, Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue) which are designed to assess the executive abilities in children. Results One-way ANOVA has revealed group differences (p < .05) in two subtests from NEPSY. Children with perinatal HIE have shown the weaknesses in performing Auditory Attention and Response Set and Visual Attention subtest. We did not reveal the significant differences (p < .05) in performing Tower and Statue subtest. Conclusion In view of the obtained results it can be assumed that the Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy has a specific (not global) negative effect on the development of executive abilities, particularly children with perinatal HIE have a deficit in sustained attention at the age of 5-6 years.

A-154 Children with Hyperactive–Impulsive Disorder Benefit from Yoga Training

Objective It is known that children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder have deficit in executive abilities. The gaol of this study was to reveal effect of yoga training on executive abilities in 8–9 years of age children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder. We compared the efficacy of two methods of training (yoga training vs. conventional motor exercises) in a randomized controlled pilot study. Methods 18 children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder at the age of 8–9 years were included and randomly assigned to treatment conditions according to a 2 × 2 crossover design. Children from intervention group participated in 12 weeks of yoga training that included body-oriented activity and breathing exercises. To assess the executive functions we used 3 subtests from NEPSY (Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue). Effects of training were analyzed by means of an ANOVA for repeated measurements. Results The ANOVA has revealed (p < .05) that for all used subtests (Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue) the yoga training was superior to the conventional motor training, with effect sizes in the medium-to-high range (0.43–0.88). Conclusions The findings from this pilot study suggest that yoga training have positive effect on executive abilities in children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder. It influences predominantly the selective and sustained attention, inhibition, monitoring, and self-regulation. However, it is necessary to do further research into the impact of yoga exercises on the prevention and treatment of hyperactive–impulsive disorder in children.

Green Dimensions, Environment Orientation and Size: Impact Assessment on Operational Performance of Manufacturing Firms

Rise in the environmental problems in past few years has led to discussions and debate concerning the actions required from government, corporate sector and society at large. Realizing that espousal of green marketing practices is now inevitable, all concerned stakeholders including the business firms are assuming responsibility to safeguard environment from further degradation by actively engaging in eco-friendly practices. It is in this backdrop that the current research delves into the green practices that specifically hold relevance for manufacturing firms. Using the technique of CFA on the response set obtained from 77 key officials, the study confirms the composition of green dimensions and examines the performance of each of the constituents on operational performance of sample firms. The study additionally contributes to the existing literature by analysing the role of management’s environment orientation and firm size in influencing the aforesaid impact and linkages. The insights provided in the article would be useful for the management of manufacturing firms in formulating appropriate mix of green activities that could enable them in effectively attaining their operational objectives. The limitations acknowledged in the present work pave way for future studies in the area of green marketing.

Task-related motor response inflates confidence

Studies on confidence in decision-making tasks have repeatedly shown correlations between confidence and the characteristics of motor responses. Here, we show the results of two experiments in which we manipulated the type of motor response that precedes confidence rating. Participants decided which box, left or right, contained more dots and then reported their confidence in this decision. In Experiment 1, prior to confidence rating, participants were required to follow a motor cue. Cued-response type was manipulated in two dimensions: task-compatibility (the relation between response set and task-relevant decision alternatives), and stimulus-congruence (spatial correspondence between response key and the location of the stimulus that should be chosen). In Experiment 2, a decision-related response set was randomly varied in each trial, being either vertical (task incompatible) or horizontal (task-compatible, spatially congruent and incongruent). The main results showed that choice confidence increased following task-compatible responses, i.e. responses related to the alternatives of the choice in which confidence was reported. Moreover, confidence was higher in these conditions, independently of response accuracy and spatial congruence with the ‘correct’ stimuli. We interpret these results as suggesting that action appropriate in the context of a given task is an indicator of successful completion of the decision-related process. Such an action, even a spurious one, inflates decisional confidence.

Heat and carbon changes in the ocean as a transient response and tool for decomposing heat uptake

<p><span>Whilst anthropogenic activities are significantly altering the climate, both warming the atmosphere and increasing CO2, the ocean is</span></p><p><span>significantly ameliorating both effects. This effect is so important that the transient climate response to carbon emissions (TCRE), can be</span></p><p><span>formulated primarily in terms of the ocean. We show that in direct analogy to the TCRE, Anthropogenic Carbon (Canth) and temperature increases in the ocean are</span></p><p><span>linearly related, both globally and integrated over a range of scales. These ocean responses are typically of order 0.02K/mumol/kg,</span></p><p><span>(equivalently ~80MJ/mol). This linear relation allows for direct translation between temperature and carbon inventory increases. Furthermore,</span></p><p><span>we are far better able to decompose DIC changes into Canth increases and that of other carbon pools, than we are decomposing heat</span></p><p><span>inventory changes into added and redistributed heat. By separating total DIC change into Canth and that of other carbon pools, we can therefore remove the effect</span></p><p><span>of the transient response relationship between heat and carbon. This allows the production of estimates of added and redistributed heat in the</span></p><p><span>ocean from remaining DIC changes. Our results suggest that the variability of the transient response is predominately set by heat uptake, not carbon, and that this</span></p><p><span>variability may be traced to individual water masses. Therefore, it may be necessary to separate this transient response regionally in order</span></p><p><span>to obtain accurate estimates of added and redistributed heat at a global scale using this technique. The Eulerian transient response is set</span></p><p><span>predominantly by isotherm heave. The part of the transient response set by climate sensitivity, analogous to a semi-Lagrangian approach, is</span></p><p><span>set largely by patterns of regional heat uptake.</span></p>

A Stackelberg-population competition model via variational inequalities and fixed points

In this paper, we introduce and study a new Stackelberg-population competition model which captures the desired features of both population games and Stackelberg competition model within the same framework. We obtain some characterization results for the Stackelberg-population equilibrium response set and the Stackelberg-population equilibrium leader set by using the variational inequality technique and Brouwer’s fixed point theorem. We also show an existence theorem of Nash equilibrium for Stackelbergpopulation competition model under some mild conditions. Finally, we give an example to illustrate our main results.

Semantic Conflict and Response Conflict in the Stroop Task

The most common ways researchers explain the Stroop effect are either through semantic or through response conflict. According to the literature, there are several methods capable of disentangling these conflicts: to use words outside of the response set, to use associatively related colors and words, or to use a “2:1” paradigm (requiring the same response for two types of stimuli). However, we believe that these methods cannot entirely differentiate semantic and response conflicts. We propose the following alternative method: when naming the color of a printed word (e.g., red, yellow, etc.) in the Stroop test, participants were asked to use different color names for some colors. For example, the red-colored stimuli had to be named by the word “yellow”. This approach allowed us to create semantically congruent stimuli, but with the conflict at the response level (the word red appears in red, but the participants have to say “yellow” because of the rule). Some stimuli remain congruent at the response level, but with the conflict at the semantic level (the word yellow appears in red, and the participants have to say “yellow” because of the rule). The results showed that semantically congruent stimuli do not produce the Stroop effect even if the meaning of the word corresponds to an incorrect response. In turn, congruence at the response level reduces the interference effect, but interference remains significant. Thus, the response conflict affects the magnitude of the Stroop effect only when there is a semantic conflict. Our data do not correspond to models that assume direct activation of responses corresponding to word meaning