Growth of Exercise Science in the United States since 2002: A Secondary Data Analysis

Quest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-372
Author(s):  
James L. Nuzzo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Exercise Science

Immigration, Language, and Education: How Does Language Policy Structure Opportunity?

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 750-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gándara ◽  
Russell W. Rumberger
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Political Landscape

Background/Context According to U.S. Census figures, 11 million elementary and secondary students of immigrant families were enrolled in the public schools in October 2005, representing 20% of all students, and this figure is expected to grow in the coming years. Most of these students enter school as English learners (ELs), and most ELs have exceptionally low performance on measures of academic achievement and attainment. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This article examines how language policy in the United States has shaped educational opportunities and outcomes for the nation's immigrant students. First, we examine the role of federal policy in shaping these students’ educational opportunities, showing how the changing political landscape in Washington has resulted in inconsistencies in funding and direction for states attempting to serve EL students. Then we focus on how two states with high concentrations of ELs— California and Texas—have responded to the needs of ELs, including the provision of bilingual education, the training and support of properly prepared teachers, and the assessments used to gauge their educational performance. Research Design The article uses secondary data sources. It draws on secondary data analysis to examine the growth of the immigrant and linguistic minority populations and their educational achievement; it draws on both historical analysis and secondary data analysis to review shifting federal policies; and it draws on demographic, achievement, and reclassification data in analyzing the education of ELs in California and Texas. Findings/Results We found that the changing political landscape in Washington has resulted in inconsistencies in funding and direction for states attempting to serve EL students. We also found that California and Texas appear to have different success rates with their EL students, with Texas reclassifying its ELs to fluent English status at higher rates and outperforming California with respect to National Assessment of Educational Progress scores for this same population. Conclusions/Recommendations The article concludes with the major recommendation that the federal government would do well to spearhead and fund a research agenda that addresses the truly important, and unanswered, questions around the education of ELs so that greater guidance can be given to the states in determining how to raise achievement and enhance the psychosocial development of these students.

Preaching to the Choir: A Comparison of the Use of Integrated Data Sets in Criminology Journals in Australia, England and the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Jobes ◽  
Joseph F. Donnermeyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Journal ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Methodological Issues

Empirical analyses of crime increasingly rely on integrated data. This paper considers advantages and limitations of integrated data sets, comparative uses of such data in The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, British Journal of Criminology and Criminology, as well as speculations based on these findings. Integrated data analysis has amplified methodological issues. The reliability of secondary data analysis is both supported and challenged. Relevant questions include how crime is associated with actuarial measures and which measures are most reliable. The more difficult question is whether actuarial measures are valid indicators. One extreme empirical orientation, positivism, relies on empirical, often quantitative, data, and scientific method to derive conclusions and guide policy (Young, 1992a). The other extreme relies on discourse and persuasion. Implications of relying on or rejecting actuarialism are discussed in the context of integrated data research published in the above-mentioned criminology journals.

Global Power Shift

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberts Cynthia ◽  
Leslie Armijo ◽  
Saori Katada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rising Powers ◽  
Extensive Data ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Rise Of China

This chapter evaluates multiple dimensions of the global power shift from the incumbent G5/G7 powers to the rising powers, especially the members of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). Taking note of alternative conceptualizations of interstate “power,” the text maps the redistribution of economic capabilities from the G7 to the BRICS, most particularly the relative rise of China and decline of Japan, and especially Europe. Given these clear trends in measurable material capabilities, the BRICS have obtained considerable autonomy from outside pressures. Although the BRICS’ economic, financial, and monetary capabilities remain uneven, their relative positions have improved steadily. Via extensive data analysis, the chapter finds that whether one examines China alone or the BRICS as a group, BRICS members have achieved the necessary capabilities to challenge the global economic and financial leadership of the currently dominant powers, perhaps even the United States one day.

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