Epidemiology of overweight and obesity in Indian adults - A secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhur Verma ◽  
Milan Das ◽  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
Nitin Kapoor ◽  
Sanjay Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
National Family

scholarly journals Assessing geographical and economic inequalities in caesarean section rates between the districts of Bihar, India: a secondary analysis of the National Family Health Survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e055326
Author(s):  
Minal Shukla ◽  
Monali Mohan ◽  
Alex van Duinen ◽  
Anita Gadgil ◽  
Juul Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
National Family

BackgroundIn Bihar, one of the most populous and poorest states in India, caesarean sections have increased over the last decade. However, an aggregated caesarean section rate at the state level may conceal inequities at the district level.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to analyse the inequalities in the geographical and socioeconomic distribution of caesarean sections between the districts of Bihar. The secondary aim was to compare the contribution of free-for-service government-funded public facilities and fee-for-service private facilities to the caesarean section rate.SettingBihar, with a population in the 2011 census of approximately 104 million people, has a low GDP per capita (US$610), compared with other Indian states. The state has the highest crude birth rate (26.1 per 1000 population) in India, with one baby born every two seconds. Bihar is divided into 38 administrative districts, 101 subdivisions and 534 blocks. Each district has a district (Sadar) hospital, and six districts also have one or more medical college hospitals.MethodsThis retrospective secondary data analysis was based on open-source national datasets from the 2015 and 2019 National Family Health Surveys, with respective sample sizes of 45 812 and 42 843 women aged 15–49 years.ParticipantsSecondary data analysis of pregnant women delivering in public and private institutions.ResultsThe caesarean section rate increased from 6.2% in 2015 to 9.7% in 2019 in Bihar. Districts with a lower proportion of poor population had higher caesarean section rates (R2=0.45) among all institutional births, with 10.3% in private and 2.9% in public facilities. Access to private caesarean sections decreased (R2=0.46) for districts with poorer populations.ConclusionMarked inequalities exist in access to caesarean sections. The public sector needs to be strengthened to improve access to obstetric services for those who need it most.

scholarly journals Consanguineous Marriages and Their Association With Women’s Reproductive Health and Fertility Behavior in Pakistan: Secondary Data Analysis From Demographic and Health Surveys, 1990–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarosh Iqbal ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Florian Fischer ◽  
Muhammad Zakria Zakar
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Fertility Behavior ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Women’S Reproductive Health ◽  
Women's Reproductive Health

Abstract Background: Pakistan has been showing consistently the highest prevalence of consanguinity. The popularity of consanguineous marriages is not declining in the country, because of social, cultural, and religious beliefs as well as economic advantages. However, couples also face various health related implications, such as poor pregnancy outcomes or multiple reproductive and fertility consequences, having adverse effects on mothers and their children. This research investigated the trend of consanguineous marriages and their association with women’s reproductive health and fertility behavior in Pakistan from 1990 to 2018.Methods: This study is based on a secondary data analysis, using all four waves of the Pakistan Demographic Health Surveys carried out during 1990 to 2018. The analysis is limited to women aged 15–49 years, who had given birth in the previous five years preceding each survey. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of consanguinity with multiple characteristics related to socio-demographics, co-variates and women’s reproductive health and fertility behaviors. Results: The findings revealed an high but overall stable trend of consanguinity prevalence of about 63% during the last three decades. Consanguineous marriages were more prevalent amongst young and uneducated women, living in rural areas, with poorer wealth status and having less exposure of mass media to access information. A strong association of consanguinity was observed with women’s reproductive health and fertility behavior, particularly for women who gave first birth at younger age, had multi-gravida pregnancies, multi-parity, pregnancy termination, ANC visits and higher fertility.Conclusion: Consanguineous marriages are predominant in the patriarchal society of Pakistan. Findings revealed that consanguinity contributes significantly to women’s reproductive health and fertility behaviors. Appropriate counselling, educational and health promotional programs related to consanguinity should be designed and launched at community level to raise awareness about risks towards women’s reproductive health and fertility.

scholarly journals Improvement in Laboratory Eating Behavior at the Microstructural Level of Bites by Young Women with Overweight and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1330-1330
Author(s):  
Carolyn Matsumoto ◽  
Manob Jyoti Saikia ◽  
Kathleen Melanson
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Management Interventions

Abstract Objectives Effective weight management interventions that target within-meal eating behaviors, such as biting, chewing, swallowing, and pausing, are limited. The Eating Pace Instructional Classes (EPIC) intervention successfully coached healthy young-adult females with overweight and obesity to eat slower by modifying their within-meal eating behaviors. It was hypothesized that the experimental group who received the 5-week EPIC intervention would reduce bite frequency, bite size, and bite number more than the non-treatment control group. Methods This was a secondary data analysis of mixed-macronutrient ad libitum meals eaten over a universal eating monitor (UEM) in the laboratory, before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention. A total of 82 meals was analyzed: PRE and POST meals for each experimental participant (E: n = 21, mean age 20.2 ± 3.1 years, mean BMI 30.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2) and each control participant (C: n = 20, mean age 21.4 ± 4.7 years, mean BMI 31.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2). A manual approach was created from pilot work and calculated bite outcomes from UEM data during scale stability, using the range of 1–31 grams for a bite of food and other specific criteria. From this manual method, we developed bite analysis software in MatLab that calculated bite frequency, bite size, and bite number for each meal. Results Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated a significant time-by-group effect for mean bite frequency (E: −0.75 ± 0.39, C: +0.18 ± 0.42 bites/minute; P = 0.025, ηp2 = 0.123), but changes in mean bite size (E: −0.50 ± 0.04, C: +0.68 ± 1.06 grams; P = 0.254, ηp2 = 0.033) and mean bite number (E: +2.57 ± 6.66, C: +2.45 ± 2.94 bites; P = 0.974, ηp2 = 0.000) did not reach significance. Conclusions The EPIC intervention that reduced the overall eating rate of women who were overweight and obese effectively decreased bite frequency. There was a trend towards smaller bite size, and bite number did not change significantly. These promising results support the incorporation of the EPIC approach and our microstructural methodology into the design and assessment of weight management interventions that modify within-meal eating behaviors. Funding Sources The randomized controlled EPIC Study, the basis for this secondary data analysis, was funded by a University of Rhode Island College of the Environment and Life Sciences (CELS) Community Access to Research and Extension Services (CARES) grant.

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