scholarly journals From defence mechanism to insufficient bladder control: Dutch experts on enuresis nocturna in an age of developing child sciences (c. 1950-1990)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Milou Smit ◽  
Nelleke Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Enuresis Nocturna ◽  
Bladder Control

Daytime and Nighttime Enuresis: a Functional Disorder and Its Ethological Decoding

Behaviour ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 120 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 232-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Haug-Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Type A ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Functional Diagram ◽  
Functional Disorder ◽  
Type B ◽  
Enuresis Nocturna ◽  
Play Activity ◽  
Bladder Control

AbstractIn wetting children (functional enuresis nocturna and diurna) days and nights with perfect bladder control alternate with wet days and nights. Changes of behaviourial regulation are responsible for the temporary disfunction of bladder control when awake or asleep. By means of long-term behaviour observations of wetting children in their families and in kindergarten we succeeded in isolating different forms of wetting. Wetting during zealous play, referred to as enuresis diurna type A, occurs when the bladder is filled during an intensive play activity. Wetting due to conflict (enuresis diurna type B) as well as nighttime wetting (enuresis nocturna) occur independently of the filling of the bladder, but directly depending on preceding stressful events. Step by step the information from the behaviour observations are incorporated into the functional diagram of the regulation of micturition until the elements of the faulty regulation in functional enuresis can be demonstrated. In the wetting child the need for loving attention has become the signal for the micturition. This learned association is the pathological part within the behaviour regulation. Functional enuresis is an example for a modification of biologically adaptive behaviourial elements by unfavourable environmental conditions.

Recovery of the decline in activities of daily living after hospitalization through an individualized exercise programme: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Martínez-Velilla ◽  
Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Climbing Stairs ◽  
Exercise Training Programme

Abstract Background During the period of hospitalization patients can develop functional decline. The main aim of our study was to assess the natural trajectory of each Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and to assess how in-hospital exercise could influence short-term trajectory of ADLs. Methods Acutely hospitalized patients (n=297, 56.5% women) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control (usual care) group within the first 48 hours of admission. An exercise training programme was prescribed in two daily sessions (morning and evening) of 20 minutes duration during 5–7 consecutive days for the intervention group. The primary end-point was the change in every ADL (assessed with the Barthel Index) from 2 weeks before admission to hospital discharge. Results Acute hospitalization per se led to significant in-patient’s functional ability impairment in ADLs during hospitalization, whereas the exercise intervention reversed this trend (3.7 points; 95% CI, 0.5 to 6.8 points). After analyzing the trajectory of each one of the ADLs, patients in the control group significantly worsened all activities, but with a different degree of loss. For the between-group analysis, significant differences were obtained in many ADLs including bathing, dressing, grooming, bladder control, toilet use, transfers, mobility and climbing stairs (p<0.05). The control group had the greatest impairment in all domains analyzed (i.e., feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, bowel control, bladder control, toilet use, transfers, mobility, and climbing stairs), p<0.05. Conclusions An individualized multicomponent exercise training programme in older adults is effective to reverse the loss of specific ADLs that frequently occurs during hospitalization. Each patient profile should receive an individualized prescription of exercise during hospitalizations.

Enuresis nocturna und Epilepsie

1965 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lempp
Keyword(s):  
Enuresis Nocturna
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