Historiography literally means “the writing of history.” It has two main, related, meanings: (1) the actual process of writing about the past, and (2) the study of the theory and philosophy of writing history. This entry is concerned with history writing and historical thought in the Islamic world from the origins of Islam in the early 7th century ce to the present, with a particular focus on the central Islamic lands in the early, medieval, and early modern periods (c. 600–1800). That is, the entry discusses writing about the past that might be described by the Arabic word taʾrikh (“history,” or “chronology”), whence the Persian tarikh and the Turkish tarih. It does not address writing about the past for a more specialist legal or religious purpose (e.g., jurisprudence or Qurʾanic exegesis).