Gender Effect and Prejudice: When a Salient Female Norm Moderates Male Negative Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Mange ◽  
Nadia Lepastourel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Effect ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

Immediate Effects of Written Material on Attitudes toward Homosexuality

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1411-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc E. Pratarelli ◽  
Jennifer S. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Article Analysis ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

This study examined whether attitudes toward homosexuals were affected by educational material containing information about the biological determinants of sexual orientation. This study utilized a normed two-alternative inventory on which participants were asked to rate matched items on a 5-point scale. In the first session participants completed one version involving interactions with homosexual individuals. One week later, participants, randomly assigned to one of three groups, filled out the matched alternative form after reading a summary that presented either a biological or environmental basis for homosexuality or an unrelated article. Analysis confirmed previous research that the 40 men had more negative attitudes toward homosexuals than the 40 women but that different types of explanations for homosexuality had no over-all influence on attitudes. More importantly, an item analysis extended our previous understanding of sex differences in that physical proximity to the homosexual individual was the strongest factor associated with attitude change.

Narcissism and Perceived Inequity in Attractiveness in Romantic Relationships

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Rohmann ◽  
Hans-Werner Bierhoff ◽  
Martina Schmohr
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Dyadic Data ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory ◽  
Additional Variance

In three studies of romantic relationships (N = 253, N = 81, and N = 98) the hypothesis was tested that high narcissists, relative to low narcissists, distort the assessment of equity in attractiveness. Narcissism was measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. In Study 1 the hypothesis was confirmed. In Study 2 it was shown that although narcissism correlated significantly with self-esteem, it was the unique variance in narcissism which predicted the tendency to feel underbenefited in respect to attractiveness. Finally in Study 3, dyadic data were analyzed on the basis of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. The data of 49 couples who lived together were included. The dyadic analysis indicated that actor narcissism exerted the expected influence on perceived inequity in attractiveness, whereas partner narcissism explained no additional variance. High narcissists felt more underbenefited than low narcissists. The analysis of dyadic data in Study 3 indicates that the link between narcissism and equity in attractiveness turns out to be an intrapersonal phenomenon because only actor narcissism, not partner narcissism, is significantly correlated with perceived inequity. In addition, partial intraclass correlations revealed that if one partner tended to feel underbenefited, the other partner tended to feel overbenefited. The results are explained on the basis of the agentic model of narcissism. All three studies consistently revealed a gender effect indicating that women felt more underbenefited than men in terms of attractiveness.

Locus of Control, Safety Attitudes and Involvement in Hazardous Events in Indian Army Aviators

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Joseph ◽  
Suhasini Reddy ◽  
Kanwal Kashore Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Confidence

Locus of control (LOC), safety attitudes, and involvement in hazardous events were studied in 205 Indian Army aviators using a questionnaire-based method. A positive correlation was found between external LOC and involvement in hazardous events. Higher impulsivity and anxiety, and decreased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial were associated with a greater number of hazardous events. Higher external LOC was associated with higher impulsivity, anxiety, and weather anxiety and with lower self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Internal LOC was associated with increased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Hazardous events and self-confidence were higher in those involved in accidents than those not involved in accidents. Future research needs to address whether training can effectively modify LOC and negative attitudes, and whether this would cause a reduction in, and better management of, human errors.

Specifying the Contact Hypothesis in a Minority-Minority Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuuli Anna Mähönen ◽  
Katriina Ihalainen ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Basic Tenet

This survey study focused on the attitudes of Russian-speaking minority youth (N = 132) toward other immigrant groups living in Finland. Along with testing the basic tenet of the contact hypothesis in a minority-minority context, the mediating effect of intergroup anxiety and the moderating effect of perceived social norms on the contact-attitude association were specified by taking into account the identity processes involved in intergroup interactions. The results indicated, first, that the experience of intergroup anxiety evoked by a negative intergroup encounter was reflected in negative outgroup attitudes only among the weakly identified. Second, negative contact experiences of minority adolescents were found not to be reflected in negative attitudes when their ethnic identification was attenuated, and when they perceived positive norms regarding intergroup attitudes.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

Sexist Beliefs are Associated with Negative Attitudes Towards Condoms

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Snipes ◽  
Morgan L. Maxwell ◽  
Jasmine A. Abrams ◽  
Eric G. Benotsch ◽  
Sarah Javier
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Sexist Beliefs
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