Specifying the Contact Hypothesis in a Minority-Minority Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuuli Anna Mähönen ◽  
Katriina Ihalainen ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Basic Tenet

This survey study focused on the attitudes of Russian-speaking minority youth (N = 132) toward other immigrant groups living in Finland. Along with testing the basic tenet of the contact hypothesis in a minority-minority context, the mediating effect of intergroup anxiety and the moderating effect of perceived social norms on the contact-attitude association were specified by taking into account the identity processes involved in intergroup interactions. The results indicated, first, that the experience of intergroup anxiety evoked by a negative intergroup encounter was reflected in negative outgroup attitudes only among the weakly identified. Second, negative contact experiences of minority adolescents were found not to be reflected in negative attitudes when their ethnic identification was attenuated, and when they perceived positive norms regarding intergroup attitudes.

Reducing Prejudice Through Narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Moyer-Gusé ◽  
Katherine R. Dale ◽  
Michelle Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions

Abstract. Recent extensions to the contact hypothesis reveal that different forms of contact, such as mediated intergroup contact, can reduce intergroup anxiety and improve attitudes toward the outgroup. This study draws on existing research to further consider the role of identification with an ingroup character within a narrative depicting intergroup contact between Muslim and non-Muslim Americans. Results reveal that identification with the non-Muslim (ingroup) model facilitated liking the Muslim (outgroup) model, which reduced prejudice toward Muslims more generally. Identification with the ingroup model also increased conversational self-efficacy and reduced anxiety about future intergroup interactions – both important aspects of improving intergroup relations.

scholarly journals Mediating effect of psychological ownership on the relationship of servant leadership and organizational citizenship: a conceptual model

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-308
Author(s):  
Abdu Ja‟afaru Bambale ◽  
Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin ◽  
Chandrakantan a/l Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional

This is a conceptual study that proposes examining a mediated model of organizationalcitizenship behavior (OCB) among employees of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) Plc. ThePHCN Plc is a sole producer and distributor of electricity in Nigeria and plays a vital role in supporting thesocio-economic development of Nigeria. If performance of OCB is enhanced among employees of this utilityorganization, effective functioning of the organization and ultimate realization of its goals and objectives willalso be enhanced. Extensive review of relevant literature was done for better understanding of the currentdevelopment of research involving OCB, servant leadership and psychological ownership that constitute themodel of this study. Cross sectional and survey study will be employed as methods for data collection. Onestage cluster sampling technique will be employed to obtain representative response from a sample of 322lower and middle level employees of Kano PHCN Distribution Company. A combination of both descriptiveand inferential statistics will be employed to test the hypothesized model. Structural equation modeling (SEM)will be used in the analysis because of its analytical power of testing several relationships simultaneously andreducing measurement error.

scholarly journals Maladaptive Rumination Mediates the Relationship between Self-Esteem, Perfectionism, and Work Addiction: A Largescale Survey Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Kun ◽  
Róbert Urbán ◽  
Beáta Bőthe ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Work Addiction ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Empirical evidence suggests that low self-esteem and high perfectionism are significant personality correlates of work addiction, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are still unclear. Consequently, exploring cognitive mechanisms will help to better understand work addiction. For instance, rumination is one of the under-researched topics in work addiction, although it may explain specific thinking processes of work-addicted individuals. The purpose of the study was to test the mediating role of maladaptive rumination (i.e., brooding) in the relationship between personality and addiction. Methods: In a largescale cross-sectional, unrepresentative, online study, 4340 adults with a current job participated. The following psychometric instruments were used: Work Addiction Risk Test Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Ruminative Response Scale. Results: It was found that self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and self-esteem had both direct and indirect relationships with work addiction via the mediating effect of maladaptive rumination. The two paths involving brooding explained 44% of the direct relationship. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that brooding type of rumination as a putatively maladaptive strategy explains why individuals characterized by low self-esteem and high perfectionism may have a higher risk of work addiction. The results suggest that cognitive-affective mechanisms in work addiction are similar to those found in other addictive disorders.

scholarly journals Intergroup Threat as a Mediator of Ethnic Identification and Intergroup Orientations

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Jelić ◽  
Ena Uzelac ◽  
Dinka Čorkalo Biruški
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
The Relationship

In Croatia, four minority groups practice their right to education in their respective mother tongues. Relations between the majority and minority groups in the four multiethnic communities have developed under different historical circumstances. Thus, in some regions the different language of the minority and the majority group can be perceived as a threat to identity and result in intergroup prejudice and discrimination, whereas in others it might not. In this study, we wanted to examine: (a) the mediating effect of perceived threat on the relationship between in-group identification and intergroup orientation, (b) whether those relationships are moderated by the group status, and (c) contextual specificities, that is, we wanted to test the model in four different contexts. Results showed that ethnonationalism (rather than ethnic identity) is detrimental for intergroup relations, partially due to its connection to the perception of the out-group as a threat. Model tests in different contexts revealed some contextual differences.

Equally Despised, Equally Despising:

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Павел Александрович Зубков
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Emotional Factor ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Muslim Immigrants

The growing number of Muslim immigrants in Moscow presents a significant challenge for intergroup relations in an urban context. Among Muscovites, Seventh-day Adventists as a religious minority appear to share a common prejudice against another minority: Muslim immigrants. This study seeks to determine factors that influence negative attitudes of these Adventists toward immigrants and to build a model for prejudice reduction. The proposed model includes two dependent variables (social distance and prejudice), five moderating variables (symbolic threat, realistic threat, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and intergroup anxiety), and three independent variables (intergroup contact, in-group identity, and spirituality). Data collected from sixteen churches and 394 respondents were analyzed using AMOS-17 and a structural equation modeling software package. The study found that spirituality, realistic threat, and intergroup anxiety have a direct effect on prejudice and accounts for 72% of its variance. Realistic threat and prejudice have a direct effect on social distance and explain 41% of its variance. Further, the study found that spirituality, realistic threat, and stereotypes have a direct effect on intergroup anxiety and explain 31% of its variance. It was also found that realistic threat have a direct effect on stereotypes and explain 28% of its variance. The findings of this study suggest a certain level of negative attitudes expressed by one religious minority toward another; it also suggests spirituality to be the primary means in reducing prejudice among the Seventh-day Adventists toward Muslim immigrants. This study has found realistic threat to have a more significant effect on attitudes of church members than symbolic threat. Likewise, the moderating effect of the emotional factor (intergroup anxiety) has a far greater influence on prejudice and social distance than that of the cognitive factor (stereotypes). This study could be useful for intergroup-relations researchers, particularly those focusing on relations between religious minority groups. It can also be relevant for Christian leaders in order to educate their churches in cross-cultural communication and cultural diversity.

Sociodemographic Predictors of Sex Offender Stigma: How Politics Impact Attitudes, Social Distance, and Perceptions of Sex Offender Recidivism

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2879-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. DeLuca ◽  
John Vaccaro ◽  
Amalia Rudnik ◽  
Nicole Graham ◽  
Anna Giannicchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Criminal Jurisprudence ◽  
Sex Offender Recidivism

Stigma toward general criminal offenders has been found to be particularly salient among community members who identify as politically conservative; however, less is known about how political identification relates to stigma toward sex offenders. This is a particularly important area of inquiry, given that criminal jurisprudence and politics legitimatize stigmatizing labels attributed to sex offenders through laws and policies that apply specifically to this group. A nonrandom sample ( N = 518) of participants living in the United States was recruited for this survey study. Findings indicated that a specific aspect of conservative political ideology—right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)—significantly predicts negative attitudes and intended social distancing behavior toward sex offenders, even when controlling for other important predictors, such as education and prior contact. RWA was found to be the strongest predictor of negative attitudes and estimations of sex offender recidivism, and also significantly predicted intended social distancing behavior. Implications for addressing stigma toward sex offenders are discussed.

scholarly journals EFL In-service Yemeni Teachers’ Perceptions and Perspectives on the Importance of Teaching Stress and Intonation as Supra-segmental Features of Speech and Sound attributes to the Process of Comprehension: A Survey-Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiq Al-Shamiry ◽  
Ahmed M. S. Alduais
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Arabic And English

Purposes: To obtain the EFL in-service Yemeni teachers’ perceptions and perspectives on the importance of teaching stress and intonation as supra-segmental features of speech and sound-attributes to the process of comprehension. Methods: 40 EFL teachers who were identified as in-service teachers in both public and private schools at IBB city, Yemen (20 Arts’ graduates and 20 Education’s graduates, both males and females) participated in this survey-study. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 20 items - aiming at achieving the above stated objective was distributed to the participants. Results: The 17th version of SPSS, descriptive statistics, mainly percentages and frequency tools were used to analyse the collected data. The statistical data indicated that a large number of the in-service teachers are incompetent in the supra-segmental features of speech, yet demonstrated negative attitudes towards the importance of using applying such features. Though there is an attempt to communicate in English language, there is no clear consideration for the use of these features of speech. Syllabus’ update, motivation and teachers’ fluency, and teachers overall qualification are the the responsible factors behind the failure of practice and appropriate use of these features. Educational system, social situation, major differences between the two phonological systems of the Arabic and English languages, and difficulty of these features of speech are the discouraging factors respectively from the teachers’ perspective. Developing teaching methods, laboratories, and frequent evaluation were the proposed encouraging factors from the teachers’ perspective. Conclusions: The study is concluded with that a large number of the in-service school’s teachers are incompetent in terms of supra-segmental features of speech due to focus on other language elements other than communication. Most of the teachers are not fluent and this supports their tendency to ignore applying yet showing the importance of these features to their learners - an ability which they themselves are not competent in.

scholarly journals Intergroup trust and anxiety: the two sides of stigma towards people with Down syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Delgado Rodríguez ◽  
Eva Ariño Mateo ◽  
Verónica Betancor Rodríguez ◽  
Armando Rodríguez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides

<p>People with Down syndrome experience a type of ambivalent stigmatisation, which combines stereotypes, emotional reactions, and both positive and negative attitudes. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between ambivalent attitudes towards people with Down syndrome, and the levels of intergroup trust and anxiety felt towards them. A total of 144 university students completed a questionnaire on their social perception of people with Down syndrome, indicating the extent to which they anticipate an interaction with this group based on trust or anxiety. The results show that responses to people with Down syndrome are ambivalent. Moreover, while intergroup trust is preceded by high levels of admiration and competence, intergroup anxiety is associated with high levels of aversion, compassion and low admiration. We discuss the implications of these results, taking into account how to enhance the social perception of people with Down syndrome, as well as the complex role of compassion in the assessment of stigmatised groups.</p>

scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Blockchain Technology in Managing Medical Information: Survey Study

10.2196/15870 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. e15870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Sauk Hau ◽  
Jae Min Lee ◽  
Jaechan Park ◽  
Min Cheol Chang
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Medical Data Management ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Background The recently developed blockchain technology uses a peer-to-peer network to distribute data to all participants for storage. This method enhances data safety, reliability, integrity, and transparency. To successfully introduce blockchain technology to medical data management, it is essential to obtain consent from medical doctors and patients. Objective The aim of this study was to examine medical doctors’ and patients’ attitudes toward the use of blockchain technology and interpret the findings within the framework of expectancy theory. Methods In this questionnaire survey, we examined medical doctors’ (n=90) and patients’ (n=90) attitudes toward the use of blockchain technology in the management and distribution of medical information. The questionnaire comprised 8 questions that assessed attitudes toward new means of managing and distributing medical information using blockchain technology. Responses were rated on a scale that ranged from 1 (very negative) to 7 (very positive). Results Medical doctors (mean 3.7-5.0) reported significantly more negative attitudes than patients (mean 6.3-6.8). Furthermore, self-employed doctors reported more negative attitudes than employed doctors and university professors. Conclusions To successfully introduce blockchain technology to medical data management, it is necessary to promote positive attitudes toward this technology among medical doctors, especially self-employed doctors.

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