Belief in a Just World: Differences in Self-esteem, Depression, Negative Attitudes Toward Homosexuals and Classism Based on Personal Belief

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Eunha Kim ◽  
Juwon Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Just World ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

scholarly journals Questionnaire Data from the Revision of a Chinese Version of Free Will and Determinism Plus Scale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lan Liu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Wenjing Yan ◽  
Kaiping Peng ◽  
Jie Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Just World ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Self Image

We reported a questionnaire dataset accumulated from the revision of a Chinese version of Free Will and Determinism Scale Plus (FAD+). In this dataset, we collected data from 1232 participants. The questionnaires used in data collection included the FAD+ and 13 other widely-used questionnaires or tests (for example, the Big Five In-ventory, the Multidimensional Locus of Control, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the General and Personal Belief in a Just World Scale, the Chinese Disgust Sensitivity Scale, the Moral Identity Questionnaire, the Moral Self-Image Scale). The sample size for these questionnaires are different, ranging from 33 to 1100. Our preliminary analysis revealed that scores of these scales are reliable (Cronbach's alpha: .52 ~ .85, McDonald’s omega: .63 ~ .90). These data can be used for both research and educa-tional purposes, e.g., examining cultural differences and measurement invariance on belief in free will, locus of control, belief in just world. All data, together with their codebooks and manipulation code, are available at osf.io/t2nsw/

Some Good News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Good News ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Business Negotiations

Empathy-induced altruism provides benefits for (a) the person in need, (b) other similar people, and (c) the person feeling empathic concern. Specifically, there is evidence that it can produce the following: more and better help for those in need; less aggression toward them; less derogation and blaming of victims of injustice; increased cooperation in conflict situations (business negotiations, political conflicts, and tensions between students in school); less negative attitudes toward stigmatized groups; increased willingness to help these groups; more sensitive and responsive care in close relationships; increased happiness and self-esteem; less stress; more meaning in life; and greater longevity. The list of benefits of empathy-induced altruism for which there is at least preliminary evidence is impressive. Although not a panacea, it can be a powerful force for good.

scholarly journals Assessing Two Dimensions of Interpersonal Trust: Other-Focused Trust and Propensity to Trust

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Just World ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Propensity To Trust ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trust Measure

One’s propensity to trust others and others’ trustworthiness are two important aspects of interpersonal trust. Both theory and research suggest that it is possible to distinguish between an individual’s propensity to trust (one’s “trustingness” or the extent to which one feels able to trust others) and their other-focused trust (the extent to which one feels that others are worthy of our trust). However, there is as yet no measure that distinguishes between these two components of trust. In three studies, we examined the psychometrics of a proposed two-dimensional measure of trust that encompasses propensity to trust and other-focused trust components. To test discriminant validity, we also administered measures of personality, personal self-esteem, social capital, propensity to like people, perceived social support, as well as general and personal beliefs in a just world. Factor analyses supported the proposed two-factor model for the new trust measure. Further analyses supported the difference between these measures.

scholarly journals Are victims also judged more positively if they say their lives are just?

Psicologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélder Vinagreiro Alves ◽  
Mariana Mello Breyner ◽  
Sí­lvia Fontinha Nunes ◽  
Bruno Diogo Pereira ◽  
Luí­s Filipe Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Just World ◽  
Innocent Victim ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Affective Value ◽  
Low X ◽  
Study Participants

Non-victims who express high versus low personal belief in a just world (PBJW) are judged as having more social value, both social utility (i.e., market value) and social desirability (i.e., affective value). Our goal was to test whether this pattern differed when the targets were presented as innocent or non-innocent victims of enduring suffering. A hundred and eighty-six participants of both sexes took part in our 2 (degree of PBJW expressed: high/low) X 3 (Target identity: innocent victim/ non-innocent victim/ non-victim) between-subjects experimental study. Participants rated the targets on four measures: positive/negative social utility/desirability. Targets were judged more positively and less negatively if they expressed high versus low PBJW, regardless of their being non-victims or (non-)innocent victims. This pattern is taken as further evidence that the expression of high PBJW is a judgment norm, that is, a socially valued discourse irrespective of it being true or untrue.

Cognitive and Affective Empathy, Personal Belief in a Just World, and Bullying Among Offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 2591-2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén López-Pérez ◽  
Yaniv Hanoch ◽  
Kayleigh Holt ◽  
Michaela Gummerum
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Just World ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Prisoners

Bullying extracts a heavy toll on offenders and prison staff alike. Studying what factors may affect bullying is extremely important as this may help to minimize bullying in prison. Although there is research on the relationship between lack of empathy and positive attitude toward bullying, previous research has overlooked that age may influence this relationship. In fact, previous research has shown that there are changes in empathy across the life span. Therefore, we examined whether having a positive attitude toward bullying in offenders was predicted by age, mediated by cognitive/affective empathy. Another important factor in the prediction of positive attitudes toward bullying may be the belief in a just world, as having a weak belief is related to more aggressive outbursts. Given that there is scarce research in the topic, we examined the relationship between having a positive attitude toward bullying and personal belief in a just world. To that aim, 123 sentenced adult male prisoners, selected from a Category C prison in the United Kingdom completed different questionnaires to assess their levels of cognitive and affective empathy, positive attitude toward bullying, and personal belief in a just world. As expected, age predicted a positive attitude toward bullying, mediated by affective empathy. However, we did not find a positive relationship between a positive attitude toward bullying and a personal belief in a just world. The results are discussed in terms of their application in possible intervention programs.

PERCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH AIDS: GERMAN - U.S. COMPARISONS

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Murphy-Berman ◽  
John J. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
World View ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Just World ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Negative attitudes towards people with AIDS are still prevalent. While previous research has investigated how these negative attitudes are related to various demographic variables, this research examined how they might differ cross-culturally, and how they are related to general beliefs about a just world, one's preference to distribute resources on the basis of merit or need, and one's health locus of control. Undergraduates from the U.S. (N=145) and West Germany (N=108) responded to a questionnaire which measured these dimensions. The most negative attitudes towards people with AIDS were found among males who were external in health locus of control, had more negative attitudes towards allocating resources on the basis of need, and had positive attitudes towards allocating on the basis of merit. As compared to U.S. respondents, German respondents indicated less of a just world view, less preference for merit, more preference for need as an allocation strategy, and more external health locus of control beliefs. Although t-tests showed cultural differences in attitudes towards people with AIDS, the effect disappeared in the regression analyses, indicating that it was coming from culture's covariation with the above mentioned dimensions.

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