Cytoprotective effects of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) and Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) extracts against toxicity induced by venom of the black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus ornatus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Plenge-Tellechea ◽  
Sergio Acosta-Lara ◽  
Joaquín Rodrigo-García ◽  
Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla ◽  
David Meléndez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Paclobutrazol Soil Application as it Relates to the Timing of Utility Right-of-Way Pruning

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Haugen ◽  
Kevin Tucker ◽  
Alex Smalling ◽  
Emily Bick ◽  
Steve Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
The Ideal

The plant growth regulator paclobutrazol’s effect on live oak trees (Quercus virginiana) was evaluated to determine optimum timing of application and pruning time in Louisiana. Variables considered included length of branch regrowth, branch distance to conductor, pruning time and biomass chipping time. Data were evaluated to determine the ideal application timing of paclobutrazol relative to time of pruning. Live oak trees treated with paclobutrazol had significantly reduced branch regrowth, pruning time and chipping time, as compared to control trees regardless of application timing. Paclobutrazol application on live oak trees was idealized within 90 days pre- to 90 days post-prune. Economically, significant gains were found by utilizing this tool ranging from 180 days pre- to 180 days post-prune, allowing for application timing flexibility to reduce the growth of trees near power lines. Paclobutrazol treated live oak trees demonstrated significantly less re-growth response.

A new species of Brethesiella (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from California, USA, a parasitoid of Steatococcus tabernicolus (Hemiptera: Margarodidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1167 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR A. TRJAPITZIN ◽  
SERGUEI V. TRIAPITSYN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mojave Desert ◽  
New World ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Type Series ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the encyrtid wasp genus Brethesiella Porter, 1920 is described from the Mojave Desert in California, USA. The type series of B. mojave sp. n. was reared from the margarodid scale Steatococcus tabernicolus Ferris on creosote bush, Larrea tridentata. The genus Aztecencyrtus Timberlake, 1926 is synonymized under Brethesiella and its two described species are transferred to the latter as B. flava (Timberlake, 1926) comb. n. and B. iceryae (Howard, 1892) comb. n. A brief review of the encyrtid parasitoids of Margarodidae, a diagnosis of Brethesiella, and an annotated key to its six described species with known females in the New World are provided.

Comparison of Salt and Ester Formulations of Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
M. L. Ketchersid ◽  
M. G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Extensive Degradation ◽  
Ulmus Alata

Under Texas conditions, the potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) usually was more effective than the isooctyl ester formulation for control of live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), yaupon(Ilex vomitoriaAit.), winged elm(Ulmus alataMichx.), huisache (Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.), and honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell). Possible reasons for the difference in effectiveness of picloram formulations were studied in the laboratory. Extensive degradation of the ester of picloram (96%) occurred in open Petri dishes after 72 hr exposure to ultraviolet (uv) light, compared to a loss of 26% for the salt of picloram. Forty-five percent of the isooctyl ester of picloram was lost at high temperatures (60 C), whereas only 2% of the potassium salt of picloram was lost after 1 week at 60 C from open Petri dishes in a dark oven. Application of the ester to soils reduced thermal and ultraviolet light degradation losses compared to losses from open Petri dishes. Loss of the ester was greater when applied in diesel oil to Petri dishes than in either water or paraffin oil. The salt of picloram leached most after 12.5 cm simulated rainfall in soil columns to the 17.5 to 30-cm level (907 μg), followed by the acid (360 μg), and last the isooctyl ester (0 μg). However, considerable acid (161 μg) was recovered at the 32.5 to 45-cm depth from the isooctyl ester treatment exposed to wet soils for 3 days, indicating hydrolysis of the ester to acid.

Hexazinone and Other Herbicides on Texas Woody Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Quercus Stellata ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] was applied to honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthosL.), honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), post oak (Quercus stellataWangenh.), saw greenbrier (Smilax bona-noxL.), whitebrush (Aloysia lycioidesCham.), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.). Bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) and tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} were used for comparison in some experiments. Hexazinone was required at the following rates to kill at least 75% of the following species: 1.1 kg/ha for live oak, 2.2 kg/ha for post oak, 4.5 kg/ha for huisache (at Bryan, Texas) and whitebrush, and 9 kg/ha for honeylocust. Hexazinone was ineffective at 9 kg/ha for control of honey mesquite, huisache (at Washington, Texas), Macartney rose, saw greenbrier, and yaupon. Tebuthiuron at 1.1 kg/ha killed 80% of the live oak, and as a subsurface spray at 4.5 kg/ha, killed huisache (at Washington, Texas). Bromacil was effective on huisache at 9 kg/ha.

Cervidellus sonorensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) from the desert of Anza-Borrego, CA, USA

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Ragsdale ◽  
Manuel Mundo -Ocampo ◽  
Daniel J. Bumbarger ◽  
James G. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Parthenogenetic Species ◽  
Male Individual ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Abstract Cervidellus sonorensis n. sp. is described from sand near the roots of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) from Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA, USA. It is distinguished from others in the genus by the combination of a greatly distended, guitar-shaped corpus and the morphology of the lips and labial probolae. Distinctive features include a large pharyngeal metacorpus with a double swelling, a knob-like ledge at the base of each labial probola and lips with five filamentous tines, the most apical of which are those closest to the primary axil. One male individual was discovered in this parthenogenetic species. Characters used to diagnose C. sonorensis n. sp. are not definitive with respect to other genera and are probably plesiomorphic or convergent in light of DNA-based phylogenetic hypotheses. The position of C. sonorensis n. sp. and morphologically close congeners in relation to species of Nothacrobeles and Paracrobeles is discussed.

Real-Time PCR Quantification Of Virginia Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) Pollen

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. AB18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Glaum ◽  
Eileen Rifkin ◽  
Jia-Wang Wang ◽  
Richard F. Lockey ◽  
Dennis K. Ledford
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak

scholarly journals Ambient temperature influences tolerance to plant secondary compounds in a mammalian herbivore

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1822) ◽  
pp. 20152387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kurnath ◽  
N. D. Merz ◽  
M. D. Dearing
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Plant Secondary Compounds ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Neotoma Lepida ◽  
Mammalian Herbivore

Growing evidence suggests that plant secondary compounds (PSCs) ingested by mammals become more toxic at elevated ambient temperatures, a phenomenon known as temperature-dependent toxicity. We investigated temperature-dependent toxicity in the desert woodrat ( Neotoma lepida ), a herbivorous rodent that naturally encounters PSCs in creosote bush ( Larrea tridentata ), which is a major component of its diet. First, we determined the maximum dose of creosote resin ingested by woodrats at warm (28–29°C) or cool (21–22°C) temperatures. Second, we controlled the daily dose of creosote resin ingested at warm, cool and room (25°C) temperatures, and measured persistence in feeding trials. At the warm temperature, woodrats ingested significantly less creosote resin; their maximum dose was two-thirds that of animals at the cool temperature. Moreover, woodrats at warm and room temperatures could not persist on the same dose of creosote resin as woodrats at the cool temperature. Our findings demonstrate that warmer temperatures reduce PSC intake and tolerance in herbivorous rodents, highlighting the potentially adverse consequences of temperature-dependent toxicity. These results will advance the field of herbivore ecology and may hone predictions of mammalian responses to climate change.

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