Stroop Color-Word Test performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Serial neuropsychological assessment is often conducted to monitor changes in the cognitive abilities of individuals over time. Because practice effects occur and the reliability of test scores is less than perfect, it is difficult to judge whether varying test results should be attributed to chance trends or to real changes in underlying cognitive abilities. In a large sample of adults (age range, 49–81 years), we evaluated the influence of age, gender, and education on test–retest changes in performance after 3 years on Rey's Verbal Learning Test (VLT), the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), and the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST). A new statistical method was applied to assess the significance of changes in test performance (i.e., the regression-based change method). The results showed that test–retest changes differed as a function of age for the VLT Total recall 1–3, VLT Total recall 1–5, VLT Delayed recall, and LDST measures. An age × gender interaction was found for the SCWT Interference change score, suggesting that the age-related decline in executive functioning after 3 years was more pronounced for males than for females. A normative change table with appropriate corrections for the relevant independent variables was established. (JINS, 2008,14, 71–80.)

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Induced Anxiety and Stroop Color-Word Test Performance: Hemispheric Processing Implications

International Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3109/00207458108990674 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 63-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joel P. Newman

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Color Word ◽

Hemispheric Processing ◽

Word Test ◽

Stroop Color Word Test

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Heritability of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop Color-Word Test Performance in Normal Individuals: Implications for the Search for Endophenotypes

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.10.6.829 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 829-834 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jeanette Taylor

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Test Performance ◽

Color Word ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Word Test ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Stroop Color Word Test ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Sorting Test

AbstractAsurge in the search for endophenotypes for psychiatric disorders has occurred in the past several years. An important criterion of an endophenotype is that it is heritable. Two of the most widely used executive cognitive functioning measures are the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Stroop Color-Word Test. Each has been considered as a possible endophenotype. However, research on the heritability of each of these measures is sparse, and in the case of the WCST, mixed. As part of a pilot twin study examining cognitive functioning and personality in adults, the WCST and the Stroop were administered to 80 monozygotic and 29 dizygotic twin pairs screened for absence of neurological disease and head injury. Results replicated and extended previous findings for moderate heritability of Stroop performance. However, the WCST showed little evidence of genetic influence, suggesting that it might not meet one of the criteria for an endophenotype.

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A-109 Anxiety Influences Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Comparison Adult Bilinguals Stroop Color Word Test Performance

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa068.109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 902-902

Author(s):

Torres E ◽

Lopez-Hernandez D ◽

Litvin P ◽

Cervantes R ◽

Rugh-Fraser R ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Test Performance ◽

Color Word ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Validity Testing ◽

Word Test ◽

Stroop Color Word Test ◽

Performance Validity Testing

Abstract Objective We evaluated symptoms of anxiety (via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS, HADS-A) on Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT) performances in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors, as compared to healthy comparison participants (HC). Method The sample consisted of 40 acute TBI survivors [ATBI; 30 normal symptoms of anxiety (NSA); 10 abnormal symptoms of anxiety (ASA)], 30 chronic TBI survivors (CTBI; 16 NSA; 14 ASA), and 50 HC’s (28 NSA; 22 ASA). All participants passed performance validity testing. The SCWT included the word (SCWT-W), color (SCWT-C), and color-word (SCWT-CW) conditions. A series of ANOVAs were used to evaluate SCWT performances. Results ANOVA revealed a main effect group on the SCWT-C, p = .011, and SCWT-CW, p = .018, with HC’s outperforming the ATBI group. Furthermore, HC outperformed both TBI groups on the SCWT-W, p = .004. We also found that the ASA outperformed the NSA group on the SCWT-W, p = .036. No interactions emerged between group and anxiety. Conclusion The HC group outperformed both TBI groups on the SCWT-W, but only the ATBI group on SCWT-C and SCWT-CW. Furthermore, we found that there were only differences between the anxiety groups on the SCWT-W. Our findings highlight that anxiety impacts HC and TBI groups differently on the SCWT.

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Stroop color word test performance in first episode and chronic psychotic patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.412 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. S128-S129

Author(s):

I. Nimatoudis ◽

S. Spyridi ◽

S. Kaprinis ◽

P. Panagiotidis ◽

S. Siamouli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Color Word ◽

First Episode ◽

Word Test ◽

Stroop Color Word Test

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A developmental viewpoint concerning the Stroop color‐word test and verbal interference

Speech Monographs ◽

10.1080/03637756909375616 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 114-117

Author(s):

Larry Wilder

Keyword(s):

Color Word ◽

Word Test ◽

Stroop Color Word Test

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VIDEO GAMES AND THE ELDERLY

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1997.25.4.345 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 345-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Jeffrey Goldstein ◽

Lara Cajko ◽

Mark Oosterbroek ◽

Moniek Michielsen ◽

Oscar Van Houten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Video Games ◽

Color Word ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Word Test ◽

Stroop Color Word Test

This study examined the effects of playing video games (Super Tetris) on the reaction time, cognitive/perceptual adaptability, and emotional well-being of 22 noninstitutionalized elderly people aged 69 to 90. Volunteers in an elderly community in the Netherlands were randomly assigned to a videogameplaying experimental group or a nonplaying control group. The televisions of the 10 videogame players were provided with Nintendo SuperNes systems. Participants played Super Tetris 5 hours a week for 5 weeks, and maintained a log of their play. Before and after this play period, measures of reaction time (Sternberg Test; Steinberg, 1969), cognitive/perceptual adaptability (Stroop Color Word Test; Stroop, 1935), and emotional well-being (self-report questionnaire) were administered. Playing video games was related to a significant improvement in the Sternberg reaction time task, and to a relative increase in selfreported well-being. On the Stroop Color Word Test, both the experimental and control groups improved significantly, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant. The videogame-playing group had faster reaction times and felt a more positive sense of well-being compared to their nonplaying counterparts. Consistent with previous research on video games and the elderly, the present study finds the strongest effects on measures of reaction time, and the weakest effects on cognitive performance measures. Explanations and alternative interpretations of these findings are discussed.

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