Effects of Different Types of Composts on Soil Characteristics and Morphological Traits of Two Dry Rangeland Species

AbstractAlthough the structure of the ovipositor of parasitic Hymenoptera is largely uniform, interspecific variation in its morphology can be observed. Such variability may be related to the diversity of hosts attacked. To verify such an hypothesis, we compared, using correspondence analysis, the morphological characteristics of the ovipositors of 20 species in three categories: (i) species belonging to the same taxonomic unit and attacking the same type of host, (ii) species belonging to the same taxonomic unit but attacking different types of host, and (iii) species belonging to different taxonomic units but attacking the same type of host. Results show that variability in some morphological traits of the ovipositor can be related to host characteristics. Adaptive convergence in morphological variations observed between species is discussed.

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Anomalies in Hyalomma marginatum larvae (Acari: Ixodidae) in relation to taxonomic studies

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.22.3.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alicja Buczek ◽

Katarzyna Bartosik ◽

Sebastian Buczek ◽

Zbigniew Zając

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Syrian Population ◽

Hyalomma Marginatum ◽

Different Types ◽

Morphological Anomalies ◽

Palpal Segment ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Scanning Electron

Morphological anomalies are most frequently noted in adult ticks. Therefore, in this paper, we describe interesting morphological anomalies in Hyalomma marginatum larvae from a laboratory-reared colony of Syrian specimens. Specimens with abnormalities were found among many thousands of larvae and analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, we analysed changes in the morphological traits (length and width of tarsi I and III; length and width of coxae I, II, and III) in abnormal specimens of H. marginatum larvae. Teratological changes were noted in the larval gnathosoma (reduction or elongation of chelicerae and change in the location of chelicerae on the basis capituli; abnormal shape and size of the palpal segment) and legs (fusion of four segments of adjacent legs and deformations of leg segments). The investigations have shown low variability of the morphometric traits of tarsi I and III as well as coxae I, II, and III in the H. marginatum larvae from the Syrian population, which can be used in the diagnostics of this species. Knowledge of different types of anomalies in tick larvae can prevent mistakes in identification of abnormal specimens collected in natural conditions.

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Effects of soil characteristics on forest gap regeneration in different types of natural Pinus koraiensis mixed forest

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201605170946 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

Author(s):

刘少冲 LIU Shaochong ◽

陈立新 CHEN Lixin ◽

段文标 DUAN Wenbiao ◽

张超 ZHANG Chao ◽

李少博 LI Shaobo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Forest ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Pinus Koraiensis ◽

Forest Gap ◽

Gap Regeneration ◽

Different Types

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Foliar Symptom Expression of Wood Decay in Actinidia deliciosa in Relation to Environmental Factors

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-8-1150 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 1150-1157 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stefano Di Marco ◽

Fabio Osti

Keyword(s):

Wood Decay ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

Actinidia Deliciosa ◽

Symptom Expression ◽

Foliar Symptoms ◽

Foliar Symptom ◽

Different Types ◽

Wood Deterioration ◽

First Time

Kiwifruit vines (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa) have recently been affected by a new form of decay caused by several fungi that produce different types of wood deterioration in the trunk and cordons. Surveys were conducted over a period of 5 years to investigate epidemiological aspects of the disease in a typical Italian growing area (Emilia-Romagna), where kiwifruit is widely cultivated and where the disease was noted for the first time. The disease was widespread over the kiwifruit growing area surveyed, and its incidence increased over the course of the survey. No relationship was found between vineyard soil characteristics or management methods and the annual incidence of symptomatic vines. Foliar symptoms did not consistently express every season even on obviously infected vines. The time of appearance and the development of the disease were correlated with plant phenology and temperature. In particular, from June to August, temperature seemed to affect the annual incidence of the disease in terms of both symptomatic shoots and symptomatic vines. The aspects in common between the decay of kiwifruit and esca of grapevine could be hypothesized and are discussed.

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Is the presence of simple or glandular hairs a good trait for distinguishing species in Caryophyllaceae? A case study of Arenaria serpyllifolia sensu lato in southern Poland

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.3630 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Kaja Rola ◽

Elżbieta Jędrzejczak ◽

Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz ◽

Marcin Nobis

Keyword(s):

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Hybrid Zones ◽

Glandular Hairs ◽

Taxonomic Importance ◽

Different Types ◽

Genetic Barriers ◽

Its Polymorphism ◽

Taxonomic Trait

The presence of different types of indumentum is regarded as a valuable taxonomic trait for describing and differentiating between species in many different families and genera. In Caryophyllaceae, however, this character is sometimes a subject of discussion and scientific conflicts. For instance, within Arenaria serpyllifolia sensu lato (s. l.), two or three taxa have been distinguished based on the presence or absence of glandular and/or eglandular hairs on the calyx and uppermost leaves, namely A. serpyllifolia, A. viscida, and A. serpyllifolia var. intermedia. The most common, based on material from Poland, is the glandular morphotype of Arenaria serpyllifolia s. l. (315 specimens), which is in contrast to the eglandular and intermediate morphotypes represented by 174 and 24 specimens, respectively; however, the ranges of distribution of these morphotypes fully overlap. Based on our macro- and micromorphological examination of specimens belonging to the group, as well as numerical and molecular studies, we conclude that the occurrence and abundance of eglandular and glandular hairs may vary in particular parts of specimens of Arenaria serpyllifolia s. l., i.e., on their calyces, bracts, and uppermost and middle cauline leaves. The width of the capsule was the only character for which significant differences between the SERP and VIS morphotypes were found; however, considering all studied morphotypes together, the capsule characters overlap considerably. Moreover, morphological variation expressed by different types of indumenta is not paralleled by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) polymorphism patterns. The probable lack of genetic barriers between populations of individuals with glandular or eglandular hairs supports the hypothesis that the type of indumentum is of minor taxonomic importance. However, it is possible that we are dealing with sampling in the hybrid zones of both taxa, and that individuals demonstrating morphological traits typical of both taxa (eglandular and glandular) do not in fact represent pure taxa but only different kinds of hybrids, backcrosses, or introgressive forms.

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Relationship Between Plant Morphological Traits and Resistance to Sclerotinia minor in Lettuce

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.881b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 881B-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Grube* ◽

R. Aburomia

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Canopy ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Sclerotinia Minor ◽

Different Types ◽

Infested Field ◽

Lettuce Drop ◽

Growth Habits ◽

Canopy Size

A low to moderate incidence of lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor is commonly observed in commercial lettuce fields of all types of lettuce (e.g. crisphead, romaine, leaf, butter) and although partial resistance has been reported, no sources of immunity have been described. We sought to determine whether there was variability between different types of lettuce and among cultivars within types. Replicated experiments were conducted in an infested field using established inoculation procedures. Significant variation in susceptibility to S. minor was detected among cultivars within as well as between major lettuce types. Correlations between lettuce drop susceptibility and plant canopy size, seedling vigor, and additional morphological traits were determined. Variability between different field experiments was also evaluated for several traits and a subset of cultivars. Our results suggest that cultivated germplasm may provide genes that are as useful or more useful than those found in genotypes with more primitive growth habits in developing cultivars with tolerance to lettuce drop.

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The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/s0021900200116031 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 23 (04) ◽

pp. 851-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. J. Brockwell

Keyword(s):

Laplace Transform ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽

Death Process ◽

Extinction Time ◽

Birth And Death Process ◽

Different Types ◽

The Laplace Transform ◽

Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

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Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19002589 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Rajen A. Anderson ◽

Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽

David A. Pizarro

Keyword(s):

Moral Character ◽

Moral Obligations ◽

Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

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Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050950 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

P.L. Moore

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Amoeboid Movement ◽

Different Types ◽

Chemical Conditions ◽

Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

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