Further Evidence for Systematic Reliability Differences between Explicit and Implicit Memory Tests

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Martin Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Reliability Problem ◽  
Explicit Measures

Meier and Perrig (2000) as well as Buchner and Wippich (2000) have shown that simple dissociations between explicit and implicit memory measures need not reflect functional dissociations of hypothetical underlying memory systems. Instead, such dissociations may also result from the fact that some widely used implicit memory measures are simply less reliable than the explicit measures with which they have been compared. We extend this argument in two ways. First, we show that illusion-based memory measures such as the priming measures derived from fame and preference judgement tasks are also subject to the reliability problem. Second, we show that yes—no and two-alternative forced-choice paradigms should, and in fact do, yield virtually identical results as far as the reliability of the memory tests is concerned.

Priming deficits in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burke ◽  
R. G. Knight ◽  
F. M. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Orientation Task ◽  
Semantic Orientation

SynopsisIn a study that replicated the procedures used by Salmon et al. (1988), the effect on stem completion performance of two different semantic orientation tasks has been assessed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Previously reported findings of impairment in repetition priming in Alzheimer patients were confirmed. Performance was not affected by the nature of the orientation task. No significant correlations were found between explicit and implicit memory tests. The results are discussed in the context of a hypothesized parallel decline in explicit and implicit memory systems.

Inductive reasoning and implicit memory: evidence from intact and impaired memory systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 926-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Girelli ◽  
Carlo Semenza ◽  
Margarete Delazer
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Impaired Memory

Direct comparison of four implicit memory tests.

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Rajaram ◽  
Henry L. Roediger
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Tests

Intact Perceptual Priming in a Patient with Damage to the Anterior Inferior Temporal Lobes

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Srinivas ◽  
Sarah D. Breedin ◽  
H. Branch Coslett ◽  
Eleanor M. Saffran
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Perceptual Priming ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Examination ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Structural Descriptions

We conducted three experiments to examine whether the anterior portion of the inferior temporal (IT) lobe is involved in the processing of visual objects in humans. In monkeys, damage to this region results in severe deficits in perception and in memory for visual objects. Our study was designed to examine both these processes in a patient (DM) with bilateral damage to the anterior portion of the inferior temporal lobe. Neuropsychological examination revealed a significant semantic impairment and a mild deficit in the discrimination of familiar objects from nonobjects. Despite these difficulties, the results of several studies indicated that DM was able to form and retain descriptions of the structure of objects. Specifically, DM showed normal perceptual priming for familiar and novel objects on implicit memory tests, even when the objects were transformed in size and left-right orientation. These results suggest that the anterior IT is not'involved in (1) the storage of pre-existing structural descriptions of known objects, (2) the ability to create new structural descriptions for novel objects, and (3) the ability to compute descriptions that are invariant with respect to changes in size and reflection. Instead, the anterior IT appears to provide the interface between structural descriptions of objects and their meanings.

scholarly journals Implicit Memory and Cognitive Aging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma V. Ward ◽  
David R. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Age Related

It is well documented that explicit (declarative, conscious) memory declines in normal aging. Studies have shown a progressive reduction in this form of memory with age, and healthy older adults (typically aged 65+ years) usually perform worse than younger adults (typically aged 18–30 years) on laboratory tests of explicit memory such as recall and recognition. In contrast, it is less clear whether implicit (procedural, unconscious) memory declines or remains stable in normal aging. Implicit memory is evident when previous experiences affect (e.g., facilitate) performance on tasks that do not require conscious recollection of those experiences. This can manifest in rehearsed motor skills, such as playing a musical instrument, but is typically indexed in the laboratory by the greater ease with which previously studied information is processed relative to non-studied information (e.g., repetition priming). While a vast amount of research has accumulated to suggest that implicit memory remains relatively stable over the adult lifespan, and is similar in samples of young and older adults, other studies have in contrast revealed that implicit memory is subject to age-related decline. Improving methods for determining whether implicit memory declines or remains stable with age is an important goal for future research, as the issue not only has significant implications for an aging society regarding interventions likely to ameliorate the effects of age-related explicit memory decline, but can also inform our theoretical understanding of human memory systems.

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