Evaluation and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water collected along the Isipingo River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Clement Adeyinka ◽  
Babatunde Femi Bakare ◽  
Samuel Ayodele Iwarere
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Heavy Metals Content of Some Medicinal Plants from Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mtunzi ◽  
E. Muleya ◽  
J. Modise ◽  
A. Sipamla ◽  
E. Dikio
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water of the Lhasa River, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 09011
Author(s):  
Liu He ◽  
Bai Gao ◽  
Huanhuan Qin ◽  
Junping Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
River Water ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Lhasa River

This study was performed in Lhasa River Watershed to explore the contents of heavy metals in river water and assess the health risks. The test results show that the contents of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and uranium (U) are relatively low, reaching the Class III of the "Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)". Health risk assessment demonstrates that the average total risk value is 1.79×10-5 yr-1, which is lower than the maximum acceptable level of 5.05×10-5 yr-1 recommended by USEPA. Moreover, the average value of radionuclide risk (U) is calculated to be 9.47×10-9 yr-1, which is five orders of magnitude lower than the standard value of 5.0×10-4 yr-1. Therefore, the river water in the study area causes no significant health risk to people.

scholarly journals Partition distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in water, sediment pore water and surface sediment from uMngeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gakuba ◽  
B Moodley ◽  
P Ndungu ◽  
G Birungi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sediment Pore Water ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analysed in surface water, pore water and surface sediment samples collected from the uMngeni River, which is one of the largest rivers in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to extract the analytes from water and pore water samples and soxhlet extraction was used to extract sediment samples with subsequent florisil clean-up and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Twelve selected OCPs were analysed and their total concentrations were found to range from 8.04–21.06 ng/mL, 36.06–188.43 ng/mL and 148.17–554.73 ng/g in unfiltered surface water, unfiltered pore water and surface sediment (dry weight (dw)), respectively. The results indicated that the concentrations of these selected pesticides were far higher in sediment (72%) than in pore water (25%) and water (3%). The most polluted sites were Northern Wastewater Treatment influent (NWTI) for water (Σ12 OCP = 19.41 ± 1.43 ng/mL) and Northern Wastewater Treatment effluent (NWTE) for pore water (Σ12 OCP = 166.23 ± 7.16 ng/mL) and sediment (Σ12 OCP = 495.21 ± 32.38 ng/g). The most abundant individual OCPs and their average concentrations in general in the river were p,p′-DDE in unfiltered water (1.62 ±0.22 ng/mL) and unfiltered sediment pore water (17.09 ±7.96 ng/mL), and endrin in surface sediment (55.57 ± 19.01 ng/g, dw).

scholarly journals A prospective risk assessment of the implementation of a Schistosomiasis Preventive Mass Drug Administration for children aged  five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhlengi Vella Ncube ◽  
Moses John Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is endemic in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The South Africa Department of Health (DoH) has decided to implement a schistosomiasis preventive mass drug administration program in all affected parts of the country. Quality management is part of the strategic objectives of the treatment program. We conducted a risk assessment and developed guidelines for the quality management of a schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. Methods We conducted a scenario planning exercise by interviewing 10 child health experts from the uMKhanyakude Health District to establish potential risks associated with a planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years old and below. The risks were analyzed using a modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). An FMEA table was produced to guide the quality management of the planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude Health District. Results We identified potential risks, failure modes and possible failure corrective/preventive measures in the following activities that would be part of the mass treatment of children aged five years and below infected with schistosomiasis in the uMkhanyakude District. These included enrolment of children into the treatment program; general health checks; weight and height measurements; administration of drugs; reporting of side effects and monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion We were able to use FMEA guide quality management and identify potential risks associated with the planned schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years old and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. The FMEA for this program will be useful to the quality management of schistosomiasis preventive treatment programs for this age group in other similar settings.

Occurrence, Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil and Water Around a Lead-zinc Mine in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunchuan Jiang ◽  
Hanhan Li ◽  
Zhijian Li ◽  
Yongfu Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Zinc Mine

Abstract Mining activities could induce severe heavy metal pollution in soil and surface water, which would consequently pose potential ecological environment risks and human health risks. In this research, total 82 agricultural soil samples and 34 water samples were collected from a special area that surrounding a lead-zinc mine. Pollution level, source apportionment, ecological and health risks of heavy metals were evaluated based on the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). According to the results, Cd and Zn were obviously enriched metals in agricultural soil in the study area, meanwhile, the potential risks which calculated by geo-accumulation index were showed a high ecological risk due to high concentration of Cd found in local agricultural soil. Additionally, heavy metal sources analyzed by the PMF model could be classified into four categories: mining activity (Mn), parent material (Cr, Ni), atmospheric deposition caused by industrial and mining activities (Pb, Zn, Cd) and agricultural activities (Cu). Compared with the values specified by corresponding water quality standard, the heavy metals content in surface water were below these values except Cd, while the content of seven heavy metals in drinking water was within the safe limits. The bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil were higher than other metals, and when the bioavailability of metals was consideration into health risk assessment, the total HI and TCR values were far below the accepted risk levels. Though human health risks were within the safe margin, the toxic hazards of heavy metals to residents and ecological should be taken into consideration.

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