scholarly journals A prospective risk assessment of the implementation of a Schistosomiasis Preventive Mass Drug Administration for children aged  five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhlengi Vella Ncube ◽  
Moses John Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is endemic in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The South Africa Department of Health (DoH) has decided to implement a schistosomiasis preventive mass drug administration program in all affected parts of the country. Quality management is part of the strategic objectives of the treatment program. We conducted a risk assessment and developed guidelines for the quality management of a schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. Methods We conducted a scenario planning exercise by interviewing 10 child health experts from the uMKhanyakude Health District to establish potential risks associated with a planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years old and below. The risks were analyzed using a modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). An FMEA table was produced to guide the quality management of the planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude Health District. Results We identified potential risks, failure modes and possible failure corrective/preventive measures in the following activities that would be part of the mass treatment of children aged five years and below infected with schistosomiasis in the uMkhanyakude District. These included enrolment of children into the treatment program; general health checks; weight and height measurements; administration of drugs; reporting of side effects and monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion We were able to use FMEA guide quality management and identify potential risks associated with the planned schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years old and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. The FMEA for this program will be useful to the quality management of schistosomiasis preventive treatment programs for this age group in other similar settings.

scholarly journals A prospective risk assessment of the implementation of a schistosomiasis preventive mass drug administration for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhlengi Vella Ncube ◽  
Moses John Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is endemic in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The South Africa Department of Health (DoH) has decided to implement a schistosomiasis preventive mass drug administration program in all affected parts of the country. Quality management is part of the strategic objectives of the treatment program. We conducted a risk assessment and developed guidelines for the quality management of a schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged 5 years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. Methods We conducted a scenario planning exercise by interviewing 10 child health experts from the uMkhanyakude Health District to establish potential risks associated with a planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged 5 years old and below. The risks were analyzed using a modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). An FMEA table was produced to guide the quality management of the planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged 5 years and below in the uMkhanyakude Health District. Results We identified potential risks, failure modes and possible failure corrective/preventive measures in the following activities that would be part of the mass treatment of children aged 5 years and below infected with schistosomiasis in the uMkhanyakude District. These included enrolment of children into the treatment program; general health checks; weight and height measurements; administration of drugs; reporting of side effects and monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion We were able to use FMEA guide quality management and identify potential risks associated with the planned schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged 5 years old and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. The FMEA for this program will be useful to the quality management of schistosomiasis preventive treatment programs for this age group in other similar settings.

scholarly journals A prospective risk assessment of the implementation of a Schistosomiasis Preventive Mass Drug Administration for children aged below five years in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhlengi Vella Ncube ◽  
Moses John Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is endemic in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The South Africa Department of Health (DoH) has decided to implement a schistosomiasis preventive mass drug administration program in all affected parts of the country. Quality management is part of the strategic objectives of the treatment program. We conducted a risk assessment and developed guidelines for the quality management of a schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. Methods We conducted a scenario planning exercise by interviewing 10 child health experts from the uMKhanyakude Health District to establish potential risks associated with a planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years old and below. The risks were analyzed using a modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). An FMEA table was produced to guide the quality management of the planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude Health District. Results We identified potential risks, failure modes and possible failure corrective/preventive measures in the following activities that would be part of the mass treatment of children aged five years and below infected with schistosomiasis in the uMkhanyakude District. These included enrolment of children into the treatment program; general health checks; weight and height measurements; administration of drugs; reporting of side effects and monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion We were able to use FMEA guide quality management and identify potential risks associated with the planned schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years old and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. The FMEA for this program will be useful to the quality management of schistosomiasis preventive treatment programs for this age group in other similar settings.

scholarly journals A prospective risk assessment of the implementation of a Schistosomiasis Preventive Mass Drug Administration for children aged  five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhlengi Vella Ncube ◽  
Moses John Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is endemic in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The South Africa Department of Health (DoH) has decided to implement a schistosomiasis preventive mass drug administration program in all affected parts of the country. Quality management is part of the strategic objectives of the treatment program. We conducted a risk assessment and developed guidelines for the quality management of a schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. Methods We conducted a scenario planning exercise by interviewing 10 child health experts from the uMKhanyakude Health District to establish potential risks associated with a planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years old and below. The risks were analyzed using a modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). An FMEA table was produced to guide the quality management of the planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude Health District. Results We identified potential risks, failure modes and possible failure corrective/preventive measures in the following activities that would be part of the mass treatment of children aged five years and below infected with schistosomiasis in the uMkhanyakude District. These included enrolment of children into the treatment program; general health checks; weight and height measurements; administration of drugs; reporting of side effects and monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion We were able to use FMEA guide quality management and identify potential risks associated with the planned schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years old and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. The FMEA for this program will be useful to the quality management of schistosomiasis preventive treatment programs for this age group in other similar settings.

scholarly journals Adverse Events in an Integrated Home-Based Treatment Program for MDR-TB and HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. M. Brust ◽  
N. Sarita Shah ◽  
Theo L. van der Merwe ◽  
Sheila Bamber ◽  
Yuming Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Mdr Tb

scholarly journals Unmet Needs to Treat Schistosomiasis in Children Under Five Years Old in uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Mhlengi V. Ncube ◽  
Innocent T. Mutero ◽  
Moses J. Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Preventive treatment for schistosomiasis control is a priority objective for the Department of Health (DoH) in South Africa. The uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal is one of the districts in which schistosomiasis in a major public health concern. We mapped the unmet resource requirements for a schistosomiasis control mass drug administration (MDA) program targeting children aged five years old and below in the uMkhanyakude District. We interviewed 10 decision makers among the uMkhanyakude Health District staff in order to understand the resources that the district has and the resources that the district needs to implement a schistosomiasis control MDA program targeting children aged five years old and below in the uMkhanyakude district. We analyzed and reported on the resources based on the following categories: financing; coverage; program integration; monitoring and evaluation; infrastructure; materials; human resources and training. We identified the resources that the district has and the resources that the district needs to acquire to implement a schistosomiasis MDA program targeting children aged five years old and below. The resources that the district needs to acquire to implement a schistosomiasis control MDA program for children under five include but are not limited to financing, human resources and digital scales. The uMkhanyakude district has insufficient resources to implement a schistosomiasis control MDA program targeting children aged five years old and below. The cost of the resources that need to be acquired for the program could be reduced by integrating the schistosomiasis control MDA program with existing child health intervention programs for children aged five years old and below. Economic evaluations are necessary to determine the child health program to which the schistosomiasis control MDA program could be most cost-effectively integrated to.

scholarly journals Assessment of the invasive status of newly recorded cactus species in the central Tugela River basin

Bothalia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cheek ◽  
Neil R. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
South African ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Plant Invaders ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Background: Current distribution information on cacti in the Tugela River basin in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, is scant. Accordingly, surveys in this region substantially improve our understanding of regional invasions by this succulent group. The identification of new or extended invasions requires (re)assessments of their invasion status and consideration of possible management interventions.Objectives: To identify and collect cacti either not previously recorded or poorly known in the central Tugela River basin, and to assess their invasion status.Method: A 40 km section of tertiary road was travelled through the topocadastral square 2830 CC, from the R74 main road northward across the Bloukrans River towards the Tugela River. Herbarium specimens were collected to vouch for new instances of naturalisation of cacti, the colony sizes of which were estimated and invasion stages determined. An applicable weed risk assessment model was used to determine the threat status of one cactus species not previously evaluated for South Africa. Based on the South African Plant Invaders Atlas database records and field observations, management recommendations were suggested for six cacti species.Results: The first naturalised population of Opuntia microdasys in KwaZulu-Natal was detected, as was the first confirmed South African record of Echinopsis oxygona. Four populations of Peniocereus serpentinus were also found, ranging in size from several square metres to 0.4 ha. Echinopsis oxygona generated a score that falls into the reject category of the risk assessment model used.Conclusion: It is recommended that E. oxygona be added to the Species Under Surveillance for Possible Eradication or Containment Targeting list to investigate whether this species requires formal legal listing and the development of a specific eradication plan. Immediate action from local authorities is recommended for the manual removal of P. serpentinus and O. microdasys populations.

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew of Cashew Caused by Oidium anacardii in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1284-1284
Author(s):  
W. J. Swart
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
First Report ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Extensive Growth

The cashew plant (Anacardium occidentale L.) (family Anacardiaceae) is native to Brazil. It was introduced in East Africa by the Portuguese in the 16th century where it is now widely cultivated, especially in Tanzania, Kenya, and Mozambique. The processed kernels are the most important product derived from the plant, although in Brazil and India, juices, jam, and alcoholic and soft drinks are also made from the pear-shaped edible receptacle. The plant is currently being evaluated in South Africa for commercial production. During May 2002, at least 25% of 5-year-old cashew trees grown from seed in the northern KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa were infected with powdery mildew. Signs included extensive growth of white, superficial mycelium bearing upright conidiophores on young shoots with tender leaves, inflorescences, and young receptacles. In severely affected trees, approximately 35% of young shoots and 45% of young receptacles displayed signs of powdery mildew. Severely infected young leaves were brown and deformed in contrast to older leaves that were unaffected. Microscopic examination of diseased tissue revealed hyaline, cylindrical-to-slightly doliform, single-celled conidia (10 to 17.5 × 2.5 to 5 μm) borne in chains. The pathogen was subsequently identified as Oidium anacardii Noack on the basis of morphology (1). No other species of powdery mildew fungi have been reported on cashew. A pathogenicity test was conducted by gently pressing a heavily diseased leaf onto two healthy leaves of each of 10 cashew plants maintained in pots on open benches in the glasshouse at 22 to 25°C and mean relative humidity of 65%. Control treatments entailed pressing an asymptomatic leaf onto each of two healthy leaves per plant. The experiment was conducted three times. After 14 days, at least one powdery mildew colony had developed on 80% of inoculated leaves but were absent from all replications of the control treatment. The source of inoculum for this reported outbreak is unknown, although O. anacardii is known to occur in southern Mozambique less than 100 km from the infected site. Cashew powdery mildew was first officially reported in Tanzania in 1979 where significant crop losses, partially attributable to the pathogen, have been recorded since (3). No significant damage to production has been recorded in Brazil (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. anacardii occurring on cashew in South Africa. References: (1) E. Castellani and F. Casulli. Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale 75:211, 1981. (2) F. C. O. Freire et al. Crop Prot. 21:489, 2002. (3) P. J. Martin et al. Crop Prot. 16:5, 1996.

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