The underlying dimensions of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their relationships with mental and somatoform dissociation, depression and anxiety among jail inmates

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 5 million people around the world and killed more than 300,000 people; thus, it has become a global public health emergency. Our objective was to investigate the mental health of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Trauma Exposure Scale, abbreviated version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Demographic Questionnaire were used to examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, trauma exposure, resilience and perceived social support among 898 patients who were hospitalized after being diagnosed with COVID-19 in China. The data were analyzed with t tests, one-way ANOVA and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety was 13.2, 21.0 and 16.4%, respectively. Hospitalized patients who were more impacted by negative news reports, had greater exposure to traumatic experiences, and had lower levels of perceived social support reported higher PTSD, depression and anxiety. Conclusions Effective professional mental health services should be designed to support the psychological wellbeing of hospitalized patients, especially those who have severe disease, are strongly affected by negative news and have high levels of exposure to trauma.

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The Psychometric Properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM ‐5 in Korean Adults Exposed to Natural Disasters

Japanese Psychological Research ◽

10.1111/jpr.12341 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Woojeong Seo ◽

Yongrae Cho

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Korean Adults

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The effects of music relaxation and muscle relaxation techniques on sleep quality and emotional measures among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder

Mental Illness ◽

10.4081/mi.2012.e13 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Monica Blanaru ◽

Boaz Bloch ◽

Limor Vadas ◽

Zahi Arnon ◽

Naomi Ziv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Muscle Relaxation ◽

Ambulatory Monitoring ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Relaxation Techniques ◽

Depression And Anxiety

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an anxiety disorder with lifetime prevalence of 7.8%, is characterized by symptoms that develop following exposure to traumatic life events and that cause an immediate experience of intense fear, helplessness or horror. PTSD is marked by recurrent nightmares typified by the recall of intrusive experiences and by extended disturbance throughout sleep. Individuals with PTSD respond poorly to drug treatments for insomnia. The disadvantages of drug treatment for insomnia underline the importance of non-pharmacological alternatives. Thus, the present study had three aims: first, to compare the efficiency of two relaxation techniques (muscular relaxation and progressive music relaxation) in alleviating insomnia among individuals with PTSD using both objective and subjective measures of sleep quality; second, to examine whether these two techniques have different effects on psychological indicators of PTSD, such as depression and anxiety; and finally, to examine how initial PTSD symptom severity and baseline emotional measures are related to the efficiency of these two relaxation methods. Thirteen PTSD patients with no other major psychiatric or neurological disorders participated in the study. The study comprised one seven-day running-in, no-treatment period, followed by two seven-day experimental periods. The treatments constituted either music relaxation or muscle relaxation techniques at desired bedtime. These treatments were randomly assigned. During each of these three experimental periods, subjects' sleep was continuously monitored with a wrist actigraph (Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc.), and subjects were asked to fill out several questionnaires concerned with a wide spectrum of issues, such as sleep, depression, and anxiety. Analyses revealed a significant increase in objective and subjective sleep efficiency and a significant reduction in depression level following music relaxation. Moreover, following music relaxation, a highly significant negative correlation was found between improvement in objective sleep efficiency and reduction in depression scale. The study‘s findings provide evidence that music relaxation at bedtime can be used as treatment for insomnia among individuals with PTSD.

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A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE NEW AND REVISED SYMPTOMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN DSM-5

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/da.21965 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 731-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Erin Koffel ◽

Melissa A. Polusny ◽

Paul A. Arbisi ◽

Christopher R. Erbes

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Dsm 5

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Psychometric Validation of the English and French Versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0161645 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e0161645 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Andrea R. Ashbaugh ◽

Stephanie Houle-Johnson ◽

Christophe Herbert ◽

Wissam El-Hage ◽

Alain Brunet

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Psychometric Validation ◽

Dsm 5

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Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among trauma-exposed adolescents from low- and middle-income countries

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health ◽

10.1186/s13034-021-00378-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dusko Stupar ◽

Dejan Stevanovic ◽

Panos Vostanis ◽

Olayinka Atilola ◽

Paulo Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Middle Income ◽

Palestinian Territories ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with the development and maintenance of various psychiatric disorders, but most frequently with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the types of traumatic events experienced and the presence and predictors of PTSD symptoms among adolescents from the general population from ten low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods Data were simultaneously collected from 3370 trauma-exposed adolescents (mean age = 15.41 [SD = 1.65] years, range 12–18; 1465 (43.5%) males and 1905 (56.5%) females) in Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, the Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Romania, and Serbia, with Portugal, a high-income country, as a reference point. The UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for the DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) was used for the assessment of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms. Results The most frequently reported traumatic events were death of a close person (69.7%), witnessing violence other than domestic (40.5%), being in a natural disaster (34.4%) and witnessing violent death or serious injury of a close person (33.9%). In total, 28.5% adolescents endorsed two to three DSM-5 PTSD criteria symptoms. The rates of adolescents with symptoms from all four DSM-5 criteria for PTSD were 6.2–8.1% in Indonesia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, and 9.2–10.5% in Philippines, Croatia and Brazil. From Portugal, 10.7% adolescents fall into this category, while 13.2% and 15.3% for the Palestinian Territories and Nigeria, respectively. A logistic regression model showed that younger age, experiencing war, being forced to have sex, and greater severity of symptoms (persistent avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity) were significant predictors of fulfilling full PTSD criteria. Conclusions Nearly every third adolescent living in LMICs might have some PTSD symptoms after experiencing a traumatic event, while nearly one in ten might have sufficient symptoms for full DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. The findings can inform the generation of PTSD burden estimates, allocation of health resources, and designing and implementing psychosocial interventions for PTSD in LMICs.

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